{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T18:16:45Z","timestamp":1778091405995,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014256","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI151788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI151788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses, traditionally associated with urban environments. However, its presence and abundance in rural settings remain understudied. This study compares\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations between rural and urban communities in Managua, Nicaragua, across different seasons over multiple years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Entomological surveys were conducted in 500 randomly selected houses (250 rural, 250 urban) during the rainy and dry seasons of 2022 and 2023. Immature mosquitoes were collected from water-holding containers, and adult mosquitoes were sampled using aspirators.\n                      <jats:italic>Stegomyia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , pupal, and adult indices were calculated. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) were used to evaluate factors associated with pupal productivity and adult female abundance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rural communities consistently exhibited higher immature and adult\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance than urban communities across most entomological indices. Rural households accounted for 74% of collected pupae and had 3.34 times higher pupal counts compared with urban households (95% CI: 2.17\u20135.15, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Barrels were the most productive container type in both settings, with uncovered barrels increasing pupal counts by 73% (IRR\u2009=\u20091.73, 95% CI: 1.63\u20131.82, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Total adult female abundance was significantly higher in rural communities compared to urban ones (IRR\u2009=\u20091.39, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.13 \u2013 1.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Rural households also exhibited 67% higher female rates per person than urban households (IRR\u2009=\u20091.67, 95% CI: 1.33\u20132.09). Nonlinear modeling revealed threshold-like dynamics between pupal counts and adult female abundance, with sharp increases in adult density once pupal abundance exceeded 50 pupae.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We consistently observed that rural communities in Managua sustain significantly higher\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations than urban ones. The identification of pupal thresholds linked to adult abundance highlights the importance of preventing containers from reaching high productivity levels. Overall, these findings challenge the perception of\n                      <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      as predominantly urban and underscore the need for integrated rural\u2013urban surveillance and context-specific vector control strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:49:34Z","timestamp":1777398574000},"page":"e0014256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Abundance of the vector Aedes aegypti in urban and rural areas in Managua, Nicaragua"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Harold","family":"Suazo-Laguna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Mojica-D\u00cdaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Balmaseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Coloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-478X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jose G.","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref001","author":"WHO","year":"2023"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref002","author":"CDC","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014256.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.571","article-title":"Aedes aegypti and Aedes aegypti-borne disease control in the 1990s: top down or bottom up","volume":"40","author":"DJ Gubler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref004","article-title":"The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus","volume":"4","author":"MUG Kraemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014256.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab052","article-title":"Abundance and seasonality of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Two Suburban Localities of South Mexico, with implications for Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae)-carrying male releases for population suppression","volume":"58","author":"A Che-Mendoza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref006","article-title":"Adult survivorship of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti varies seasonally in central Vietnam","volume":"8","author":"LE Hugo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014256.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy010","article-title":"Seasonal distribution and container preference ratio of the dengue fever vector (Aedes aegypti, Diptera: Culicidae) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan","volume":"55","author":"MU Mukhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014256.ref008","first-page":"365","article-title":"Epidemia de dengue en Nicaragua, 1985","volume":"33","author":"G Kouri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014256.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3006.231553","article-title":"Introduction of new dengue virus lineages of multiple serotypes after COVID-19 pandemic, Nicaragua, 2022","volume":"30","author":"C Cerpas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"114","key":"pntd.0014256.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003084","article-title":"Dynamics of dengue disease severity determined by the interplay between viral genetics and serotype-specific immunity","volume":"3","author":"M OhAinle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"749","key":"pntd.0014256.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn2199","article-title":"Primary exposure to Zika virus is linked with increased risk of symptomatic dengue virus infection with serotypes 2, 3, and 4, but not 1","volume":"16","author":"JV Zambrana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref012","article-title":"Evidence based community mobilization for dengue prevention in Nicaragua and Mexico (Camino Verde, the Green Way): cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"351","author":"N Andersson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014256.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0808","article-title":"DengueChat: a social and software platform for community-based arbovirus vector control","volume":"105","author":"J Holston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014256.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.5.851","article-title":"Characterization of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culcidae) production sites in urban Nicaragua","volume":"44","author":"SN Hammond","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4295-7","article-title":"Informed community mobilization for dengue prevention in households with and without a regular water supply: Secondary analysis from the Camino Verde trial in Nicaragua","volume":"17","author":"A C\u00e1rcamo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.10.004","article-title":"S\u00e3o Paulo urban heat islands have a higher incidence of dengue than other urban areas","volume":"19","author":"RV Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2018.623","article-title":"The influence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors on the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti larval habitats","volume":"13","author":"TS De Azevedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12020183","article-title":"The eco-bio-social factors that modulate Aedes aegypti abundance in South Texas border communities","volume":"12","author":"JG Juarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014256.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01075.x","article-title":"Climatic and social risk factors for Aedes infestation in rural Thailand","volume":"8","author":"Y Nagao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2010.11.002","article-title":"Abundance and prevalence of Aedes aegypti immatures and relationships with household water storage in rural areas in southern Viet Nam","volume":"3","author":"LAP Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2295-1","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of Aedes aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural household containers in central Colombia","volume":"10","author":"HJ Overgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref022","author":"S Thorsen","year":"2015"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref023","author":"WBG"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref024","author":"MINSA","year":"2023"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref025","author":"INEC","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014256.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/55.5.577","article-title":"Identification of the pupae of receptacle-breeding mosquitoes","volume":"55","author":"ME Tinker","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014256.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X(2006)21[451:ESCTIT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Easily seen characters to identify the pupa of Aedes albopictus in the United States","volume":"21","author":"BA Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014256.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X(2006)22[565:APIKTT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Abridged pupa identification key to the common container-breeding mosquitoes in urban Southeast Asia","volume":"22","author":"MJ Bangs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref029","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico","author":"R Darsie","year":"2005"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref030","author":"WRBU","year":"2024"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref031","author":"PAHO","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014256.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.3.502","article-title":"Evaluation of a sampling methodology for rapid assessment of Aedes aegypti infestation levels in Iquitos, Peru","volume":"41","author":"AC Morrison","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref033","author":"WHO","year":"2011"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref034","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906X105516","article-title":"Use of the pupal\/demographic-survey technique to identify the epidemiologically important types of containers producing Aedes aegypti(L.) in a dengue-endemic area of Venezuela","volume":"100","author":"AE Lenhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014256.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.1.291","article-title":"An entomologist guide to demystify pseudoreplication: data analysis of field studies with design constraints","volume":"47","author":"LF Chaves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014256.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13951","article-title":"Variable coverage in an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap intervention impacts efficacy of Aedes aegypti control","volume":"58","author":"JG Juarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref038","volume-title":"Generalized Additive Mixed Models using \u201cmgcv\u201d and \u201clme4\u201d","author":"S Wood","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644","article-title":"Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection","volume":"33","author":"KP Burnham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014256.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.2307\/2265753","article-title":"Analysis of frequency count data using the negative binomial distribution","volume":"77","author":"GC White","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014256.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2006449","article-title":"Selecting the right statistical model for analysis of insect count data by using information theoretic measures","volume":"96","author":"G Sileshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"ME Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"R J"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014256.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0476-8","article-title":"The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue","volume":"4","author":"JP Messina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014256.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003033","article-title":"Patterns of geographic expansion of Aedes aegypti in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"8","author":"SA Guagliardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011408","article-title":"Increasing transmission of dengue virus across ecologically diverse regions of Ecuador and associated risk factors","volume":"18","author":"LC Katzelnick","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014256.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012506","article-title":"Changing dynamics of Aedes aegypti invasion and vector-borne disease risk for rural communities in the Peruvian Amazon","volume":"19","author":"K Fikrig","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4293-9","article-title":"Aedes aegypti breeding ecology in Guerrero: cross-sectional study of mosquito breeding sites from the baseline for the Camino Verde trial in Mexico","volume":"17","author":"A Morales-P\u00e9rez","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014256.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0528","article-title":"Patterns of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) infestation and container productivity measured using pupal and Stegomyia indices in northern Argentina","volume":"46","author":"FM Garelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2271-9","article-title":"Characterization and productivity profiles of Aedes aegypti (L.) breeding habitats across rural and urban landscapes in western and coastal Kenya","volume":"10","author":"HN Ngugi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05261-3","article-title":"Bionomic aspects of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at domestic settings in urban, suburban and rural areas in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka","volume":"15","author":"R Dalpadado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014256.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008949","article-title":"Epidemic risk of arboviral diseases: determining the habitats, spatial-temporal distribution, and abundance of immature Aedes aegypti in the Urban and Rural areas of Zanzibar, Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"F Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014256.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02368.x","article-title":"Pupal sampling for Aedes aegypti (L.) surveillance and potential stratification of dengue high-risk areas in Cambodia","volume":"14","author":"CM Seng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05901-2","article-title":"Distribution of Aedes mosquito species along the rural-urban gradient in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 and its surrounding","volume":"16","author":"R Bikangui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014256.ref054","article-title":"Behaviour and distribution of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and their relation to dengue incidence in two transmission hotspots in coastal Ecuador","volume":"18","author":"LD Ortega-L\u00f3pez","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0829","article-title":"Role of abandoned and vacant houses on Aedes aegypti productivity","volume":"104","author":"R Barrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63670-9","article-title":"Dispersal of female and male Aedes aegypti from discarded container habitats using a stable isotope mark-capture study design in South Texas","volume":"10","author":"JG Juarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014256.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1603\/ME09209","article-title":"Density-dependent effects in experimental larval populations of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) can be negative, neutral, or overcompensatory depending on density and diet levels","volume":"48","author":"JRL Gilles","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014256.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2375","article-title":"How can mortality increase population size? A test of two mechanistic hypotheses","volume":"99","author":"KM McIntire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014256.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.2855","article-title":"Finding the sweet spot: what levels of larval mortality lead to compensation or overcompensation in adult production?","volume":"10","author":"JT Neale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11909-y","article-title":"Non-linear relationships between density and demographic traits in three Aedes species","volume":"12","author":"LA Sauers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014256.ref061","first-page":"454","article-title":"Recommendations for the surveillance of Aedes aegypti","volume":"36","author":"R Barrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjae121","article-title":"A numbers game: mosquito-based arbovirus surveillance in two distinct geographic regions of Latin America","volume":"62","author":"J Mojica","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014256.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16010-4","article-title":"Accelerating invasion potential of disease vector Aedes aegypti under climate change","volume":"11","author":"T Iwamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014256.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009397","article-title":"Global patterns of aegyptism without arbovirus","volume":"15","author":"MF Olson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014256.ref065","author":"OpenStreetMap contributors","year":"2023"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014256","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014256","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:46:19Z","timestamp":1778089579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014256"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nigel","family":"Beebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}