{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T18:10:20Z","timestamp":1779127820353,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014281","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000}}],"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"L\u2019Institut de Valorisation des Donn\u00c3\u00a9es","award":["PhD-2019a-2683768193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD-2019a-2683768193"]}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Epidemiology and One Health","award":["CRC 950-231857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC 950-231857"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticercosis\/taeniasis disease complex is a multifaceted neglected tropical zoonosis. Previous reviews on\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      cysticercosis\/taeniasis risk factors have been limited by geographic region and\/or host, making it difficult to understand the complex web of causes underlying infection at the various stages of its life cycle. Our objective was to elucidate the causal mechanisms involved in the transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      to all hosts through a systematic review of the literature.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a systematic literature search about the epidemiology of\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection published before May 2020 (OpenScience protocol\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/U64K3\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/U64K3<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and CABAbstracts, and reference lists of systematic reviews identified in our searches for relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria: i) describing a risk factor-outcome association related to\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, and ii) published in English, French, Spanish, or Portuguese. Qualitative or quantitative epidemiologic associations were extracted and evaluated according to a modified version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Our review is reported according the PRISMA guidelines. We extracted 876 associations from 159 studies. Risk factors of human cysticercosis are well-studied, while taeniasis is least-studied (10% of associations). The evidence suggests that male gender is a risk factor for human cysticercosis while female sex is a risk factor for porcine cysticercosis. The direction of association did not differ according to the quality of the studies across most studied risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our rigorous systematic review is the first to consider risk factors of human and porcine\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      disease simultaneously, allowing a synthesis of information from both hosts in order to elucidate causal mechanisms for risk factors of cysticercosis. Our work also highlights areas of\n                      <jats:italic>T. solium<\/jats:italic>\n                      epidemiology which are understudied, such as the causal mechanisms of taeniasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:40:06Z","timestamp":1778607606000},"page":"e0014281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elucidating the causal mechanisms of Taenia solium transmission in humans, pigs and the environment: A global systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6866-2105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elias","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Dermauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy Eyaba","family":"Tchamdja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Shah","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Di Bacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Dorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Janitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-4730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Carabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12976-018-0090-0","article-title":"Mathematical model of the life cycle of taenia-cysticercosis: transmission dynamics and chemotherapy (Part 1)","volume":"15","author":"MV Jos\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref002","first-page":"397","article-title":"Potential eradicability of taeniasis and cysticercosis","volume":"27","author":"PM Schantz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull Pan Am Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-88751","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"98","author":"AC White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations of the international task force for disease eradication","volume":"42","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009470","article-title":"A qualitative assessment of the context and enabling environment for the control of Taenia solium infections in endemic settings","volume":"15","author":"N Ngwili","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011042","article-title":"The epidemiology of human Taenia solium infections: a systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa","volume":"17","author":"G Zulu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2280-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of taeniosis\/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: Western Europe","volume":"10","author":"M Laranjo-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836177","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.836177","article-title":"Epidemiology of porcine cysticercosis in eastern and southern Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Y Gulelat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref009","unstructured":"The World Bank. World Bank Country and Lending Groups [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Countries [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov 24]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref011","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"RCoreTeam","year":"2023"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref012","volume-title":"Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies","author":"Project EPHP","year":"1998"},{"issue":"43","key":"pntd.0014281.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the Tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"H Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref014","unstructured":"Organization WH. Countries [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00373.x","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and Taenia solium taeniasis in California, USA","volume":"111","author":"C DeGiorgio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000200006","article-title":"Taeniasis and cysticercosis prevalence in a small village from Northeastern Brazil","volume":"60","author":"I Gomes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014281.ref017","article-title":"Geographic correlation between tapeworm carriers and heavily infected cysticercotic pigs","volume":"6","author":"SE O\u2019Neal","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.384","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic survey of cysticercosis-taeniasis in four central highland districts of Papua, Indonesia","volume":"80","author":"Cysticercosis Working Group in Papua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.012","article-title":"Effect of repeated mass drug administration with praziquantel and track and treat of taeniosis cases on the prevalence of taeniosis in Taenia solium endemic rural communities of Tanzania","volume":"165","author":"UC Braae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.138638","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium taeniasis in Kaniyambadi block, Tamil Nadu, South India","volume":"58","author":"VR Mohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref021","first-page":"194","article-title":"Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in a Mexican village","volume":"39","author":"EJ Sarti-Gutierrez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-012-0151-y","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infection in Bhil tribe of Rajasthan, India","volume":"36","author":"SL Choubisa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.496","article-title":"Taeniasis and cysticercosis in housemaids working in affluent neighborhoods in Lima, Peru","volume":"73","author":"BN Huisa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.03.013","article-title":"Geospatial and age-related patterns of Taenia solium taeniasis in the rural health zone of Kimpese, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"165","author":"J Madinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001594","article-title":"Taenia solium Infections in a rural area of Eastern Zambia-a community based study","volume":"6","author":"KE Mwape","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014281.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.04.019","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of Taenia solium taeniasis in a rural pig farming community of north India","volume":"101","author":"KN Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014281.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113239","article-title":"Taenia solium infection in Peru: a collaboration between Peace Corps Volunteers and researchers in a community based study","volume":"9","author":"NS Watts","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.45.522","article-title":"Epidemiologic study and control of Taenia solium infections with praziquantel in a rural village of Mexico","volume":"45","author":"SP Diaz Camacho","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.268","article-title":"Hyperendemic human and porcine Taenia solium infection in Per\u00fa","volume":"68","author":"HH Garc\u00eda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref030","first-page":"57","article-title":"Epidemiological study of Taenia solium taeniasis\/cysticercosis in a rural village in Yucatan state, Mexico","volume":"93","author":"R Rodriguez-Canul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006465","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in school-aged children: a school based study in western Sichuan, People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"12","author":"JJ Openshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014281.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007016","article-title":"General contextual effects on neglected tropical disease risk in rural Kenya","volume":"12","author":"WA de Glanville","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref033","first-page":"62","article-title":"The serological survey for human cysticercosis prevalence in Mbulu district, Tanzania","volume":"2","author":"BJ Mwang\u2019onde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1645\/18-23","article-title":"Persistent Taenia solium cysticercosis in the state of Morelos, Mexico: human and porcine seroprevalence","volume":"104","author":"J Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.05.005","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Taenia solium antibodies in a cohort of Bolivian immigrants in Italy","volume":"185","author":"A Angheben","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3434-9","article-title":"The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam","volume":"18","author":"D Ng-Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3999-9","article-title":"The status and health burden of neurocysticercosis in Mbulu district, northern Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"BJ Mwang\u2019onde","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002142","article-title":"The incidence of human cysticercosis in a rural community of Eastern Zambia","volume":"7","author":"KE Mwape","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014281.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116383","article-title":"Epidemiology of taeniasis and cysticercosis in a Peruvian village","volume":"135","author":"F Diaz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000371","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis hotspots surrounding tapeworm carriers: clustering on human seroprevalence but not on seizures","volume":"3","author":"AG Lescano","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.10.007","article-title":"Relative seroprevalence of cysticercus antigens and antibodies and antibodies to Taenia ova in a population sample in south India suggests immunity against neurocysticercosis","volume":"105","author":"T Jayaraman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0294","article-title":"Factors associated with the 18-month cumulative incidence of seroconversion of active infection with Taenia solium cysticercosis: a cohort study among residents of 60 villages in Burkina Faso","volume":"99","author":"V Dermauw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.282","article-title":"Epidemiology of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in two rural Guatemalan communities","volume":"55","author":"J Garcia-Noval","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813420","article-title":"A population-based, case-control study of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis","volume":"93","author":"AL S\u00e1nchez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref045","first-page":"464","article-title":"Detection by immunoblot assay of antibodies to Taenia solium cysticerci in sera from residents of rural communities and from epileptic patients in Bali, Indonesia","volume":"25","author":"JH Theis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014281.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004223","article-title":"The influence of socio-economic, behavioural and environmental factors on Taenia spp. transmission in western Kenya: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in humans and pigs","volume":"9","author":"NA Wardrop","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168828.83461.09","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Peru","volume":"65","author":"SM Montano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00132-0","article-title":"Prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis in a population of urban residence in Honduras","volume":"69","author":"AL S\u00e1nchez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)80014-7","article-title":"Evidence for high seroprevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in individuals from three rural communities in Venezuela","volume":"97","author":"E Ferrer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90095-7","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis in a village in northern Viet Nam: seroprevalence study using an ELISA for detecting circulating antigen","volume":"96","author":"A Erhart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1803.111367","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies against Taenia solium cysticerci among refugees resettled in United States","volume":"18","author":"SE O\u2019Neal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.70","article-title":"Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador","volume":"60","author":"KA Goodman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1997.11813126","article-title":"Epidemiological study of Taenia solium infections in a rural village in Honduras","volume":"91","author":"AL S\u00e1nchez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014281.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60144-7","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cysticercosis in North Indian population","volume":"3","author":"N Shukla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref055","first-page":"24","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cysticercosis in the lakeside community of Vekky, Atlantic District (Benin) Seroprevalence de la cysticercose dans la commune lacustre de Vekky, Departement de l\u2019Atlantique (Benin)","volume":"89","author":"CC Adjide","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2309","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies (IgG) to Taenia solium among pig rearers and associated risk factors in Jos metropolis, Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"WP Rebecca","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref057","first-page":"279","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of human cysticercosis in a community of Shandong, China","volume":"27","author":"WC Cao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref058","first-page":"170","article-title":"Serological evidence of exposure and possible Taenia solium larval infection in Orang Asli communities of Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"33","author":"PS Sahu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref059","first-page":"26","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of cysticercosis in pig farm workers and artisan\/traditional pig breeders in the municipality of Mara, state of Zulia, Venezuela","volume":"35","author":"R Villalobos-Perozo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kasmera"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref060","first-page":"41","article-title":"Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis, taeniasis, and pig cysticercosis on Reunion Island in 1992","volume":"57","author":"H Chamouillet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12456","article-title":"Seizures, cysticercosis and rural-to-urban migration: the PERU MIGRANT study","volume":"20","author":"I Gonzales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803235002371","article-title":"Taenia solium infection in a rural community in the Peruvian Andes","volume":"97","author":"PL Moro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014281.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000555","article-title":"Seroprevalence to the antigens of Taenia solium cysticercosis among residents of three villages in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"H Carabin","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014281.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.06.004","article-title":"High prevalence of Taenia solium cysticerosis in a village community of Bas-Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"41","author":"K Kanobana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014281.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005130","article-title":"High prevalence of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in an endemic rural community in Peru","volume":"10","author":"LM Moyano","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.07.007","article-title":"Age-related infection and transmission patterns of human cysticercosis","volume":"40","author":"N Praet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002887","article-title":"Incidence of human Taenia solium larval Infections in an Ecuadorian endemic area: implications for disease burden assessment and control","volume":"8","author":"M Coral-Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.6.879","article-title":"Community-based epidemiological investigations of cysticercosis due to Taenia solium: comparison of serological screening tests and clinical findings in two populations in Mexico","volume":"18","author":"PM Schantz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.36504.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador","volume":"46","author":"OH Del Brutto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014281.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004248","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with human cysticercosis in 60 villages in three provinces of Burkina Faso","volume":"9","author":"H Carabin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(01)00161-9","article-title":"An epidemiological study of Taenia solium cysticercosis in a rural population in the Bolivian Chaco","volume":"80","author":"J Carrique-Mas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90785-4","article-title":"Seroprevalence of cysticercosis in Benin","volume":"92","author":"D Houinato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90493-6","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in a rural village of Michoacan state, Mexico","volume":"88","author":"E Sarti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01000.x","article-title":"A seroepidemiological study of human cysticercosis in West Cameroon","volume":"8","author":"JP Nguekam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014281.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5415","article-title":"Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis and its associated risk factors among humans in areas of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"AU Edia-Asuke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.11.003","article-title":"Taeniasis\/cysticercosis in a Tibetan population in Sichuan Province, China","volume":"100","author":"T Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803125002742","article-title":"Seroprevalence of anti-cysticercus antibodies among the children living in the urban environs of Maputo, Mozambique","volume":"97","author":"EV Noormahomed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001651","article-title":"Use of oxfendazole to control porcine cysticercosis in a high-endemic area of Mozambique","volume":"6","author":"A Pondja","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.012","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of swine cysticercosis using ante-mortem and post-mortem examination tests in the southern highlands of Tanzania","volume":"139","author":"ME Boa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00234-9","article-title":"Seroincidence of porcine T. solium infection in the Peruvian highlands","volume":"57","author":"HH Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref081","first-page":"57","article-title":"Some risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in semi-intensively raised pigs in Zuru, Nigeria","volume":"46","author":"M Gweba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.09.020","article-title":"Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in smallholder pig production systems in Mbeya region, southern highlands of Tanzania","volume":"198","author":"EVG Komba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.376","article-title":"Swine cysticercosis hotspots surrounding Taenia solium tapeworm carriers","volume":"76","author":"AG Lescano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906x86275","article-title":"Taenia solium: the complex interactions, of biological, social, geographical and commercial factors, involved in the transmission dynamics of pig cysticercosis in highly endemic areas","volume":"100","author":"J Morales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002192","article-title":"Relationship between serum antibodies and Taenia solium larvae burden in pigs raised in field conditions","volume":"7","author":"CM Gavidia","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00168-1","article-title":"Castration and pregnancy of rural pigs significantly increase the prevalence of naturally acquired Taenia solium cysticercosis","volume":"108","author":"J Morales","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.677","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans and pigs in a village in Morelos, Mexico","volume":"46","author":"E Sarti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014281.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003247","article-title":"New insights in cysticercosis transmission","volume":"8","author":"CS Arriola","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000594","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Angonia district, Mozambique","volume":"4","author":"A Pondja","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00035-3","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of swine cysticercosis in two rural communities of West-Cameroon","volume":"106","author":"MSR Pouedet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90079-O","article-title":"Epidemiologic observations on porcine cysticercosis in a rural community of Michoacan State, Mexico","volume":"41","author":"E Sarti Gutierrez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014281.ref092","first-page":"706","article-title":"Prevalence of Taenia solium antibodies in humans and in pigs in an endemic area of Colombia","volume":"36","author":"P Agudelo Florez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375493","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/375493","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis in southeast Uganda: seroprevalence in kamuli and kaliro districts","volume":"2009","author":"C Waiswa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00144-7","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs in a rural community of Honduras","volume":"78","author":"H Sakai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90209-8","article-title":"Investigation of risk factors for porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis: a multiple regression analysis of a cross-sectional study in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico","volume":"94","author":"MA Widdowson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref096","first-page":"281","article-title":"Epidemiology of cysticercosis in pigs in a rural community in the state of Guerrero, Mexico","volume":"28","author":"MJJ Martinez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Mex"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014281.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-736x2017000900001","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for porcine cysticercosis in rural communities of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"37","author":"EC Acevedo-Nieto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pesqui Vet Bras"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X10000076","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Cysticercus cellulosae and associated risk factors in free-range pigs in Kenya","volume":"84","author":"JM Kagira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2122-x","article-title":"Risk factors, perceptions and practices associated with Taenia solium cysticercosis and its control in the smallholder pig production systems in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"JM Kungu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823892","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/823892","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis and risk factors in the gambia and senegal","volume":"2010","author":"A Secka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref101","first-page":"1","article-title":"Co-endemicity of cysticercosis and gastrointestinal parasites in rural pigs: a need for integrated control measures for porcine cysticercosis","volume":"15","author":"HA Ngowi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00161-7","article-title":"Application of an immunoassay to determine risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in rural areas of Yucatan, Mexico","volume":"79","author":"R Rodriguez-Canul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref103","unstructured":"Tin Aye K, Saw B, Soe Soe W, Ye H, Lat Lat H. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Taenia solium cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs within Nay Pyi Taw area. Proc Annu Meet Myanmar Vet Assoc; 2014 Dec 27\u201328; Mandalay Myanmar. 2014. p. 58\u201365."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref104","first-page":"124","article-title":"Epidemiology of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs of Northern Punjab, India","volume":"28","author":"S Rajnish","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref105","first-page":"76","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of pig cysticercosis and taeniasis in highly endemic tribal communities","volume":"26","author":"NK Sasmal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000927","article-title":"Factors associated with the prevalence of circulating antigens to porcine cysticercosis in three villages of burkina faso","volume":"5","author":"R Ganaba","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.08.009","article-title":"Feedstuff and poor latrines may put pigs at risk of cysticercosis--A case-control study","volume":"214","author":"UC Braae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/514","article-title":"Palpable lingual cysts, a possible indicator of porcine cysticercosis, in Teso District, Western Kenya","volume":"15","author":"FK Mutua","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X10000167","article-title":"Pig-farming systems and porcine cysticercosis in the north of Cameroon","volume":"84","author":"E Assana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.3.2408","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of porcine cysticercosis in naturally infected pigs (Sus scrofa) in Punjab, India","volume":"34","author":"P Chawhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014281.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60149-7","article-title":"A preliminary analysis of some epidemiological factors involved in porcine cysticercosis in Bafut and Santa subdivisions, North West Region of Cameroon","volume":"5","author":"NAN Ngwing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.07.023","article-title":"Risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in selected districts of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia","volume":"143","author":"CS Sikasunge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037718","article-title":"Risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"7","author":"RC Krecek","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014281.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000284","article-title":"Spatial distribution of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis within a rural area of Mexico","volume":"2","author":"J Morales","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.01.015","article-title":"Risk factors for the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania","volume":"120","author":"HA Ngowi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2003179","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis in village pigs of North-West Cameroon","volume":"77","author":"O Shey-Njila","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00165-6","article-title":"The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia","volume":"108","author":"IK Phiri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.08.006","article-title":"Risk factors for prevalence of pig parasitoses in Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"212","author":"ML Kabululu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0574-7","article-title":"Temporal fluctuations in the sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs in Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"UC Braae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0836-1","article-title":"Productivity and parasitic infections of pigs kept under different management systems by smallholder farmers in Mbeya and Mbozi districts, Tanzania","volume":"47","author":"CP Lipendele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.18051\/UnivMed.2018.v37.88-96","article-title":"Habit of cooking pork on hot stones as main risk of cysticercosis","volume":"37","author":"S Sandy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Universa Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105133","article-title":"High prevalence of taeniasis and Taenia solium cysticercosis in children in western Sichuan, China","volume":"199","author":"T Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90228-8","article-title":"Serological detection of cysticercosis in two rural areas of South Africa","volume":"81","author":"MD Pammenter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00011-X","article-title":"Human and porcine Taenia solium infection in a village in the highlands of Cusco, Peru","volume":"73","author":"HH Garcia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref125","first-page":"147","article-title":"Prevalence of human cysticercosis and taeniasis in rural Goa, India","volume":"40","author":"SH Vora","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2002146","article-title":"Taenia solium taeniasis\/cysticercosis in Papua, Indonesia in 2001: detection of human worm carriers","volume":"77","author":"SS Margono","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000400009","article-title":"Anti-Taenia solium metacestodes antibodies in serum from blood donors from four cities of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro area, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1995","volume":"44","author":"P Silveira-Lacerda E de","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.018","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis in a rural population with extensive pig production in Ang\u00f3nia district, Tete Province, Mozambique","volume":"165","author":"YA Assane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.10.010","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Taenia solium antibodies in Vellore district, south India","volume":"102","author":"V Prabhakaran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref130","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis in parts of Imo State, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"I Obiajuru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glob J Pure Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0767","article-title":"Evaluating urban taeniasis as a threat to cysticercosis elimination in Northern Peru","volume":"100","author":"L Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref132","first-page":"28","article-title":"Prevalence and morphometric studies on porcine cysticercosis in Adamawa State, Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"A Biu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sokoto J Vet Sc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trs003","article-title":"Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Vellore, South India","volume":"107","author":"VR Mohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5455\/jasa.20130331050432","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs slaughtered in IBI local government area of Taraba state, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"N Karshima","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Adv"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014281.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20150825044155","article-title":"Prevalence and financial losses associated with porcine cysticercosis in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana","volume":"5","author":"J Atawalna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Livest Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.19026\/ijava.5.5606","article-title":"The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and risk factors for taeniasis in Iringa rural district","volume":"6","author":"C Yohana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Anim Vet Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1671-y","article-title":"Transmission of porcine cysticercosis in the Portuguesa state of Venezuela","volume":"51","author":"RG Rojas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014281.ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006960","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of Taenia solium cysticercosis in naturally infected pigs in Punjab, India","volume":"12","author":"SP Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref139","first-page":"93","article-title":"Pathological reactions in porcine muscles due to Cysticercus cellulosae","volume":"57","author":"S Rashmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haryana Vet"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2019.e00123","article-title":"Seroprevalence of circulating taeniid antigens in pigs and associated risk factors in Kongwa district, Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"JD Maganira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.31254","article-title":"Pig farming systems and cysticercosis in Northern Uganda","volume":"72","author":"JM Kungu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0296","article-title":"Clustering of necropsy-confirmed porcine cysticercosis surrounding Taenia solium tapeworm carriers in Peru","volume":"100","author":"AG Lescano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.32.145.10695","article-title":"Porcine cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs and factors related to Taenia solium transmission amongst abattoir workers in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"32","author":"HK Adesokan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref144","first-page":"100397","article-title":"Epidemiology of infections with zoonotic pig parasites in Enugu State, Nigeria","volume":"20","author":"FE Ajibo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref145","first-page":"774","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of porcine cysticercosis in Way Kanan District, Lampung Province, Indonesia","volume":"12","author":"HH Yulianto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11813004","article-title":"Human cysticercosis: risk factors associated with circulating serum antigens in an open community of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Mexico","volume":"89","author":"JG Aranda-Alvarez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref147","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis transmission in Babati district, Tanzania","volume":"29","author":"MDB Kavishe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest Res Rural Dev"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.05.029","article-title":"Why pigs are free-roaming: Communities\u2019 perceptions, knowledge and practices regarding pig management and taeniosis\/cysticercosis in a Taenia solium endemic rural area in Eastern Zambia","volume":"225","author":"S Thys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014281.ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2012.346-351","article-title":"Factors that influence pig production in Central Uganda - Case study of Nangabo Sub-County, Wakiso district","volume":"5","author":"D Muhanguzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref150","first-page":"196","article-title":"Knowledge and practices related to T. solium cysticercosis-taeniasis among smallholder farmers in selected villages in Kilolo District in Iringa Region in Southern Highlands of Tanzania","volume":"3","author":"AF Maridadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Anim Vet Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3339-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis\/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Middle East and North Africa","volume":"12","author":"A Saratsis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014281.ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003919","article-title":"Taenia solium human cysticercosis: a systematic review of sero-epidemiological data from endemic zones around the world","volume":"9","author":"M Coral-Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014281.ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003570","article-title":"Why latrines are not used: communities\u2019 perceptions and practices regarding latrines in a Taenia solium endemic rural area in Eastern Zambia","volume":"9","author":"S Thys","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90213-3","article-title":"Clinical significance of neurocysticercosis in endemic villages","volume":"91","author":"HH Garcia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)91069-0","article-title":"A specific antigen-detection ELISA for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis","volume":"92","author":"HH Garcia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014281.ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116383","article-title":"Epidemiology of taeniasis and cysticercosis in a Peruvian village","volume":"135","author":"F Diaz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pntd.0014281.ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.12.011","article-title":"Survival of Taenia saginata eggs under different environmental conditions","volume":"266","author":"I Bucur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014281.ref158","article-title":"The risk factors for human cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania","volume":"81","author":"BJ Mwang\u2019onde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12089","article-title":"Bayesian modelling to estimate the test characteristics of coprology, coproantigen ELISA and a novel real-time PCR for the diagnosis of taeniasis","volume":"18","author":"N Praet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/15321810903405068","article-title":"Development and evaluation of porcine cysticercosis QuickELISA in Triturus EIA analyzer","volume":"31","author":"S Handali","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunoassay Immunochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014281.ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.014","article-title":"A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis","volume":"34","author":"P Dorny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014281.ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.08.1.p052","article-title":"An introduction to hierarchical linear modeling","volume":"8","author":"H Woltman","year":"2012","journal-title":"TQMP"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014281.ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac037","article-title":"Can cross-sectional studies contribute to causal inference? It depends","volume":"192","author":"DA Savitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014281","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T17:47:21Z","timestamp":1779126441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014281"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph Raymond","family":"Zunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014281","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]}}}