{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:17:02Z","timestamp":1789208222958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014303","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000}}],"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI171971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI171971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans across the Mediterranean basin and in Central and South America. VL is a zoonotic disease, with dogs as the predominant domestic reservoir. Traditionally, this disease is transmitted via sand flies of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Lutzomyia<\/jats:italic>\n                    as vectors. Case reports of transmission in non-endemic areas have increased, where transmission is predominantly vertical, sexual, or bloodborne.\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been shown to be enzootic in hunting hounds within the United States (U.S.), with no indication of vector borne transmission. In this population, there is very high risk of parasite spread if the dam\u2019s diagnostic status is positive. In comparison, very little is known about the risk if the sire not the dam is positive for\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This is a retrospective cohort study of 24 U.S. hunting hound sires\u2019\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure between 2013 and 2022 and the resultant evidence of infection in their 183 pups over that time. Offspring from sires who tested serologically positive for\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    during the year of birth had 1.59 times the risk of becoming diagnostically positive via serology or molecular detection for\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    during their lifetime (RR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.15-2.20 p-value: 0.0046) when compared to outcomes in pups from diagnostically negative sires. The basic reproductive number (R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for the risk of the sire to indirectly transmit\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    to the pup within this cohort was 3.71. These results demonstrate the impact of sire\u2019s infection on transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    to offspring. There is a need for control efforts that address non-vectorial transmission from both parents. Control efforts targeting vector borne transmission of canine leishmaniosis in endemic countries are also needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:41:36Z","timestamp":1777916496000},"page":"e0014303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sire risk factors for vertical transmission of Leishmania infantum by the dam"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kayla R.","family":"Duxbury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-4130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luciana 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