{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:19:30Z","timestamp":1778609970545,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014314","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youjiang Medical University","award":["FF 66\/016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF 66\/016"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Science and Technology Project","award":["GXJKKJ2025ZC014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXJKKJ2025ZC014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TGCMU 2566P009\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGCMU 2566P009\/2566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Talaromycosis, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus\n                      <jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a life-threatening opportunistic infection in individuals with advanced immunodeficiency, particularly people living with HIV in endemic regions of Southeast Asia. Early diagnosis is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality; however, conventional diagnosis relies mainly on fungal culture, which is time-consuming and has limited sensitivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed and clinically evaluated a direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a biotin-labeled monoclonal antibody (4D1) for the detection of\n                      <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>\n                      cytoplasmic yeast antigen in serum. The assay employed the same monoclonal antibody for both capture and detection in a double-recognition format. Analytical performance, cross-reactivity, and clinical diagnostic accuracy were systematically evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No cross-reactivity was observed among the tested fungal antigens under the experimental conditions. The analytical limit of detection (LOD) in pooled human serum was 19.398 \u03bcg\/mL. Clinical evaluation included 79 culture-confirmed talaromycosis cases and 381 non-talaromycosis controls. At an optimized optical density cut-off of 0.268, the assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.61% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79.47-94.66%) and a specificity of 96.06% (95% CI 93.59-97.78%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The biotin-labeled 4D1 sandwich ELISA provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic method with good concordance to culture and may support improved clinical diagnosis of talaromycosis. Its potential application for treatment monitoring requires further validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:36:17Z","timestamp":1778002577000},"page":"e0014314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic performance of a biotin-labeled 4D1 sandwich ELISA for serum antigen detection in talaromycosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Huamei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artid","family":"Amsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patcharin","family":"Thammasit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kritsada","family":"Pruksaphon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanji","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changke","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Nosanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9013-0543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sirida","family":"Youngchim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014314.ref001","first-page":"418","article-title":"P\u00e9nicillose de Rhizomys sinensis [Penicillosis from Rhizomys sinensis]","volume":"49","author":"M Capponi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"pntd.0014314.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347677","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1347677","article-title":"Talaromycosis from Wuhan: two-case report and literature review","volume":"14","author":"Z Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0014314.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114775","article-title":"Fungal infections: Immune defense, immunotherapies and vaccines","volume":"196","author":"JT Loh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014314.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.15971020","article-title":"Long-Term Infectious Complications of Kidney Transplantation","volume":"17","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"pntd.0014314.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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