{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:01:57Z","timestamp":1790704917682,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014319","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000}}],"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI18268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI18268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI180409-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI180409-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovative Vector Control Consortium","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02phhfw40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014055","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-21-2-0038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-21-2-0038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) are a promising, environmentally friendly approach for mosquito control, but the direct field application, scalability and long-term effectiveness of ATSBs across diverse mosquito species remain significant challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We assessed the efficacy of a genetically engineered RNA interference (RNAi) yeast strain (Sh.463) formulated in three sugar baits: soda (Coca-Cola), 10% sucrose, and a commercial mosquito bait (BaitStab), on\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes. All RNAi yeast bait formulations induced significantly higher mean mortality (87\u2013100%) compared to the control groups (0\u20139%), but RNAi yeast-soda baits resulted in significantly higher mortality rates of 94\u2013100% recorded across all mosquito species. Additionally, to assess the competitiveness of the RNAi yeast-soda bait to other tropical sugar sources, semi-field choice assays were conducted in Trinidad, West Indies using competing flowering plants and fruits typically found in residential environments. The RNAi yeast-soda ATSB continued to perform well in the presence of many competing floral and fruit sugar sources during both\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      trials, but the presence of several fruits and flowers did significantly reduce Sh.463-induced mosquito mortality with the degree of competitive deterrence being heavily modulated by mosquito species, sex, and floral resource, suggesting that further field testing will be necessary. The residual activity of the Sh.463\u2009+\u2009soda formulation was retained for at least 14 months, with sustained 100% mortality in\n                      <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 93\u2013100% mortality in\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The RNAi yeast-soda ATSB also performed well in semi-field studies performed with a prototype soda bottle feeder.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the potential of soda-baited RNAi yeast as a potent, long-lasting, and scalable platform for ATSB-based mosquito control as a component of integrated vector management programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:58:36Z","timestamp":1790013516000},"page":"e0014319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soda-baited RNAi yeast insecticides as effective Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) for mosquito control"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Akilah T. M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majidah","family":"Hamid-Adiamoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresia M.","family":"Njoroge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longhua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhella","family":"Winter-Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"department":["Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Shui Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"department":["Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"department":["Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lester D.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"department":["Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britton","family":"Sofhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Dille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]},{"name":"The University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["College of Arts and Letters"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azad","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"department":["Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]},{"name":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus","place":["St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"department":["Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology"]},{"name":"The University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-5369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Molly","family":"Duman-Scheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","place":["South Bend, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics"]},{"name":"University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Eck Institute for Global Health"]},{"name":"The University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014319.ref001","unstructured":"NIH. 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