{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:28:17Z","timestamp":1779910097458,"version":"3.53.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014340","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000}}],"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202301AY070001-091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AY070001-091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202301AY070001-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AY070001-103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program"},{"name":"the Yunnan Talent Support Plant","award":["202505AS350006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202505AS350006"]}]},{"name":"First-Class Discipline Team of Kunming Medical University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel illness with few treatment options, which means that new ways to treat it are needed. This study examined the protective effects and mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>Paragonimus proliferus<\/jats:italic>\n                    metacercaria-derived antigens (PmAg) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse ulcerative colitis model. We discovered that intraperitoneal delivery of PmAg substantially mitigated colitis severity, as demonstrated by decreased weight loss, lower disease activity index scores, maintained colon length, and enhanced histopathological findings. Mechanistically, PmAg inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1), increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and bolstered antioxidant defenses (SOD, GSH). It also restored the integrity of the intestinal barrier by boosting the number of goblet cells and the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1), while stopping the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that PmAg reinstated gut microbiota \u03b1-diversity, diminished pathogenic genera (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and enhanced beneficial taxa (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Integrated fecal metabolomics research revealed that PmAg altered metabolic profiles, specifically as significantly enriched the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism pathway and Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, our results suggested that PmAg could mitigates experimental colitis in mice by anti-inflammatory, improving gut microbiota and modulating fecal metabolomics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:46:27Z","timestamp":1778694387000},"page":"e0014340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paragonimus proliferus Metacercaria-derived antigens mitigate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via immunomodulation and gut microbiota reconfiguration"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2541-1192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danhong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0647-5117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weixun","family":"Chunyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0205-x","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"6","author":"T Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"10401","key":"pntd.0014340.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"402","author":"C Le Berre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014340.ref003","first-page":"317","article-title":"Microbes, immunoregulation, and the gut","volume":"54","author":"GAW Rook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014340.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0471","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: the hygiene hypothesis revisited","volume":"3","author":"F Guarner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028899","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1028899","article-title":"Protective effect of Schistosoma japonicum eggs on TNBS-induced colitis is associated with regulating Treg\/Th17 balance and reprogramming glycolipid metabolism in mice","volume":"12","author":"X Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104751","article-title":"A target-based discovery from a parasitic helminth as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases","volume":"95","author":"Y Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2025.107874","article-title":"RELM\u03b2 in intestinal helminth infection: Mechanisms and research advances","volume":"271","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1049.8","article-title":"Infection with the tapeworm parasite Hymenolepis diminuta in early life protects against experimental colitis in mice","volume":"31","author":"T Arai","year":"2017","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.30.1_supplement.57.1","article-title":"Extracts of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, recruit CCR2 + PDL1 + Myeloid Cells with the capacity to inhibit dextran sodium sulphate induced\u2010colitis","volume":"30","author":"F Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02164","article-title":"Parasite-Derived Proteins for the Treatment of Allergies and Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Z Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12309","article-title":"Downregulation of immune responses in asthmatic humans by ES products of Marshallagia marshalli","volume":"11","author":"F Jabbari Azad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00410-7","article-title":"Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation","volume":"9","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010064","article-title":"Schistosome immunomodulators","volume":"17","author":"S Acharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.05.007","article-title":"Helminth-induced regulatory T cells and suppression of allergic responses","volume":"54","author":"J Logan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014340.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13362","article-title":"Critical roles of regulatory B and T cells in helminth parasite-induced protection against allergic airway inflammation","volume":"198","author":"X Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014340.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"23","author":"A Agus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710052","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.710052","article-title":"Construction of a \u201cBacteria-Metabolites\u201d Co-Expression Network to Clarify the Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effect of Flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Aiton by Regulating the \u201cHost-Microbe\u201d Interaction","volume":"12","author":"J Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106578","article-title":"Differences in microbiome of healthy Sprague Dawley rats with Paragonimus proliferus infection and potential pathogenic role of microbes in paragonimiasis","volume":"233","author":"L Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118951","article-title":"Multi-target mechanisms of glabrone in ulcerative colitis: Synergistic restoration of mucosal barrier and inhibition of inflammation through SRC\/HSP90 Co-modulation","volume":"194","author":"Y Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014340.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-025-02299-0","article-title":"SAA1 Promotes Ulcerative Colitis and Activating Colonic TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway","volume":"48","author":"P Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.70078","article-title":"Fastp 1.0: An ultra-fast all-round tool for FASTQ data quality control and preprocessing","volume":"4","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"issue":"21","key":"pntd.0014340.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507","article-title":"FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies","volume":"27","author":"T Mago\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014340.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"BJ Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014340.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014340.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00354","article-title":"Analysis of the Human Adult Urinary Metabolome Variations with Age, Body Mass Index, and Gender by Implementing a Comprehensive Workflow for Univariate and OPLS Statistical Analyses","volume":"14","author":"EA Th\u00e9venot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604875","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2604875","article-title":"Miniature bioreactor arrays for modeling functional and structural dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"KL Newman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.11.057","article-title":"Elevated serum glutathione reflects endoscopic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"243","author":"S Geertsema","year":"2026","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03227-20","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic Acid Ameliorates Colitis and Checks Dysbiotic Escherichia coli Expansion by Activating PPAR-\u03b3 Signaling in the Intestinal Epithelium","volume":"12","author":"SA Cevallos","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00453","article-title":"Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease","volume":"8","author":"TB Smallwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014340.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1183","article-title":"Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014340.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.056","article-title":"Impaired Intestinal Permeability Contributes to Ongoing Bowel Symptoms in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Mucosal Healing","volume":"153","author":"J Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13010096","article-title":"Phytochemicals and Regulation of NF-kB in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Effects","volume":"13","author":"LF Laurindo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.7a.1266","article-title":"The p65 subunit of NF-kappa B regulates I kappa B by two distinct mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"ML Scott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119878","article-title":"Rutin prevents cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation induced by bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate exposure via NRF-2\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"284","author":"OI Oluranti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014340.ref035","first-page":"759","article-title":"Sericic Acid Ameliorates DSS-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Modulating the NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 Pathways","volume":"16","author":"Lifei-Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196065","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1196065","article-title":"miR-200a attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through activation of Nrf2","volume":"14","author":"S Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200111","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1200111","article-title":"The role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"S Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014340.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077620","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2022.2077620","article-title":"Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"11","author":"A Moonwiriyakit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014340.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0126-x","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications","volume":"50","author":"C Chelakkot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014340.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15812","article-title":"Helminths\u2019 therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"TC Mules","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014340.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.01.002","article-title":"Rapid and specific alterations of goblet cell mucin in rat airway and small intestine associated with resistance against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis reinfection","volume":"130","author":"D Tsubokawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014340.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6002-8","article-title":"Worm expulsion of Gymnophalloides seoi from C57BL\/6 mice: role of metacercarial exosomes in upregulating TLR2 and MUC2 expression in intestinal tissues","volume":"117","author":"H Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127838","article-title":"The role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in intestinal inflammation","volume":"288","author":"W-W Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"15","key":"pntd.0014340.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300845","article-title":"Gubra Amylin-NASH Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Histological Damage, Oxidative Stress, Immune Disorders, Gut Microbiota, and Its Metabolic Dysbiosis in Colon","volume":"68","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014340.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02890-21","article-title":"Helminth-Induced Human Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Reveals Insights into Altered Taxon Diversity and Microbial Gradient Collapse","volume":"12","author":"J Kupritz","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walusimbi B, Lawson MAE, Nassuuna J, Kateete DP, Webb EL, Grencis RK. The effects of helminth infections on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023;:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frmbi.2023.1174034","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2023.1174034"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref047","volume-title":"Commensal-pathogen interactions in the intestinal tract","author":"LA Reynolds","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014340.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21299","article-title":"Alteration of the murine gut microbiota during infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus","volume":"16","author":"ST Walk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref049","first-page":"1","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota contributes to the ability of helminths to modulate allergic inflammation.","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref050","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis -induced immunomodulation signatures on gut microbiota and metabolic pathways in mice","volume":"20","author":"X-M Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09361-0","article-title":"The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"10","author":"J Doonan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014340.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70014","article-title":"Bile acid modulation of host immunity","volume":"1551","author":"N Bao-Anh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283275","DOI":"10.3389\/frtra.2023.1283275","article-title":"Immunoregulation: the interplay between metabolism and redox homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"E Perpi\u00f1\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Transplant"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122385","article-title":"Berberine regulates intestinal microbiome and metabolism homeostasis to treat ulcerative colitis","volume":"338","author":"T Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0014340.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-0069-0","article-title":"Regulation of interactions of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins with mammalian cells","volume":"39","author":"TL Gioannini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014340.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.10.014","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide causes an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability in vitro and in vivo by inducing enterocyte membrane expression and localization of TLR-4 and CD14","volume":"182","author":"S Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014340.ref057","first-page":"388","article-title":"Methods of endotoxin removal from biological preparations: a review","volume":"10","author":"PO Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014340.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940109","article-title":"Helminths and dendritic cells: sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses","volume":"40","author":"B Everts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014340","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T17:49:23Z","timestamp":1779472163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014340"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Sotillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014340","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]}}}