{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:23:04Z","timestamp":1780395784355,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014368","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000}}],"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key projects of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission","award":["No. K2023042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. K2023042"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008109","name":"Wuxi Municipal Bureau on Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. Y20222028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. Y20222028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the General Foundation of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["No. M202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. M202202"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science, Technology, and Education","award":["No. ZDXYS202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZDXYS202207"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008109","name":"Wuxi Municipal Bureau on Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. K20252014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. K20252014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis, a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by schistosome infection, remains a serious public health concern. However, diagnostic methods with both high sensitivity and specificity or early diagnosis for detecting schistosome infection are still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of parasite-derived exosomes miRNAs in\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection. Exosomes were isolated and purified from adult worms and eggs of\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    using ultracentrifugation. Nine highly abundant miRNAs were identified in these exosomes through small RNA sequencing. TaqMan probe-based\u00a0reverse transcription\u00a0real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that serum levels of all nine parasite-derived miRNAs were significantly elevated in infected mice at different time points post-infection. Compared with healthy controls, infected patients exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) values for serum sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p were 0.8750 and 0.8375, respectively, surpassing those of the other miRNAs examined in human serum. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting these miRNAs in human serum were 85.00% and 85.00% for sja-miR-61, and 70.00% and 80.00% for sja-miR-7-5p. When both miRNAs were detected in combination, sensitivity increased to 95.00% with a specificity of 75.00%. In mice, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting sja-miR-7-5p at 2 weeks post-infection were 73.33% and 86.67%, improving to 93.33% and 93.33% at 6 weeks. For sja-miR-61, sensitivity and specificity were 93.33% and 80.00% at 2 weeks, reaching 100.00% and 100.00% at 6 weeks. Serum levels of sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p dropped to undetectable levels two weeks after praziquantel treatment, underscoring their utility in monitoring treatment response. Furthermore, measurement of sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p in mice with varying infection intensities showed rising serum levels corresponding to increased worm burdens, with a minimum detection threshold equivalent to an infection with 5 cercariae, highlighting the high sensitivity of this approach for detecting low-level infections in mice. Collectively, the detection of these miRNAs in patient or mouse serum using TaqMan RT-qPCR exhibits good sensitivity and specificity, along with considerable value for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p represent promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:39:20Z","timestamp":1779298760000},"page":"e0014368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parasite exosomes-derived circulating sja-miR-61 and sja-miR-7-5p as Novel biomarkers for the detection of Schistosoma japonicum infection using TaqMan real-time PCR"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xin-Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-Jin","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan-Pan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Xin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3897-5925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li-Jun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"pntd.0014368.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812165","article-title":"Schistosomiasis - Assessing Progress toward the 2020 and 2025 Global Goals","volume":"381","author":"AK Deol","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014368.ref002","article-title":"Schistosomiasis Chemotherapy, Chemoprevention, and Vaccines: History, Progress, and Priorities","volume":"12","author":"AOE Alibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635869","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635869","article-title":"Schistosomiasis Morbidity Hotspots: Roles of the Human Host, the Parasite and Their Interface in the Development of Severe Morbidity","volume":"12","author":"PA Mawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035765","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1035765","article-title":"Pathology and molecular mechanisms of Schistosoma japonicum-associated liver fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014368.ref005","first-page":"243","article-title":"A Recent Advance in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccine Development for Human Schistosomiasis","volume":"9","author":"T Chatterji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-164","article-title":"Application of DNA-based diagnostics in detection of schistosomal DNA in early infection and after drug treatment","volume":"4","author":"C Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref007","article-title":"Patterns and diagnostic value of the antibody response to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Schistosoma japonicum","author":"W Jie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pathog Biol"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005007961","article-title":"Development of a novel PCR assay capable of detecting a single Schistosoma japonicum cercaria recovered from Oncomelania hupensis","volume":"131","author":"AJ Driscoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0116-y","article-title":"Nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis and prevention of schistosomiasis","volume":"5","author":"P He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2018.01.031","article-title":"Development of a lateral flow recombinase polymerase assay for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infections","volume":"546","author":"K Poulton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014368.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001665","article-title":"Recent advances in nucleic acid-based methods for detection of helminth infections and the perspective of biosensors for future development","volume":"147","author":"H Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11069-0","article-title":"Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil","volume":"25","author":"SG Gava","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01372-y","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of suspected intestinal schistosomiasis in a non-endemic area of Yunnan Province, China","volume":"14","author":"S Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref014","article-title":"Sensitive and specific target sequences selected from retrotransposons of Schistosoma japonicum for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis","volume":"6","author":"J-J Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.12.010","article-title":"Exosome biogenesis, bioactivities and functions as new delivery systems of natural compounds","volume":"36","author":"AA Farooqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00258-9","article-title":"Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"B Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref017","article-title":"miRBase: tools for microRNA genomics","volume":"36","author":"S Griffiths-Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"30","key":"pntd.0014368.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10513","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804549105","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection","volume":"105","author":"PS Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381789","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1381789","article-title":"Emerging role of exosomal microRNA in liver cancer in the era of precision medicine; potential and challenges","volume":"11","author":"T El Hayek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"39","key":"pntd.0014368.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5435","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i39.5435","article-title":"Function and biomedical implications of exosomal microRNAs delivered by parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"H-C Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05787-3","article-title":"Cross-sectional study on the diagnostic significance of plasma exosomal miRNAs in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"X Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0623-9","article-title":"Increased number of circulating exosomes and their microRNA cargos are potential novel biomarkers in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"13","author":"F Momen-Heravi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014368.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2019-001196","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling of serum exosomes in patients with osteosarcoma by high-throughput sequencing","volume":"68","author":"Z Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-464","article-title":"Homology-based annotation of non-coding RNAs in the genomes of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum","volume":"10","author":"CS Copeland","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014368.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008206","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of Schistosoma japonicum microRNAs using a deep-sequencing approach","volume":"4","author":"J Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1927-6","article-title":"MicroRNAs of parasites: current status and future perspectives","volume":"107","author":"Q Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014368.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000596","article-title":"An \u201cin-depth\u201d description of the small non-coding RNA population of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomulum","volume":"4","author":"Z Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21587-4","article-title":"Vesicle-based secretion in schistosomes: Analysis of protein and microRNA (miRNA) content of exosome-like vesicles derived from Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"8","author":"V Samoil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"14","key":"pntd.0014368.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000917","article-title":"Deep sequencing-based identification of pathogen-specific microRNAs in the plasma of rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum","volume":"140","author":"G Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014368.ref030","article-title":"Circulating miRNAs: Potential Novel Biomarkers for Hepatopathology Progression and Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Japonica in Two Murine Models","volume":"9","author":"P Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref031","first-page":"378","article-title":"Schistosomal MicroRNAs Isolated From Extracellular Vesicles in Sera of Infected Patients: A New Tool for Diagnosis and Follow-up of Human Schistosomiasis","volume":"215","author":"T Meningher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4730-6","article-title":"Assessment of the diagnostic efficacy of enolase as an indication of active infection of Schistosoma japonicum","volume":"115","author":"H Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108184","article-title":"Serum exosomal miRNA as biomarkers for Retinoblastoma","volume":"199","author":"H Ravishankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007","article-title":"miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 are promising biomarkers for progression of liver fibrosis in HCV Egyptian patients","volume":"253","author":"A Abdel-Al","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955034","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955034","article-title":"The hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis during experimental murine Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"13","author":"JS Francisco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref036","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatic natural killer cell function via the TIGIT receptor in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860807","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.860807","article-title":"A Novel miRNA From Egg-Derived Exosomes of Schistosoma japonicum Promotes Liver Fibrosis in Murine Schistosomiasis","volume":"13","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29297-7","article-title":"U6 can be used as a housekeeping gene for urinary sediment miRNA studies of IgA nephropathy","volume":"8","author":"Z-Y Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014368.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183435","article-title":"Identification of miR-16 as an endogenous reference gene for the normalization of urinary exosomal miRNA expression data from CKD patients","volume":"12","author":"T Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.10.064","article-title":"U6 is not a suitable endogenous control for the quantification of circulating microRNAs","volume":"454","author":"M Xiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014368.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2013.02.004","article-title":"Optimal thresholds by maximizing or minimizing various metrics via ROC-type analysis","volume":"20","author":"KH Zou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200710415","article-title":"Youden Index and optimal cut-point estimated from observations affected by a lower limit of detection","volume":"50","author":"MD Ruopp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"issue":"20","key":"pntd.0014368.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15436","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015436","article-title":"3\u2019IsomiR Species Composition Affects Reliable Quantification of miRNA\/isomiR Variants by Poly(A) RT-qPCR: Impact on Small RNA-Seq Profiling Validation","volume":"24","author":"A Ferre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref044","first-page":"798","article-title":"Progress of molecular detection of Schistosoma","volume":"29","author":"Z Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref045","first-page":"165","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in schistosomes and schistosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"L Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014368.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012282","article-title":"Schistosomiasis diagnosis: Challenges and opportunities for elimination","volume":"18","author":"O Ally","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25885","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25885","article-title":"Molecular characterization of S. japonicum exosome-like vesicles reveals their regulatory roles in parasite-host interactions","volume":"6","author":"L Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014368.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.270-295.2001","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in the People\u2019s Republic of China: prospects and challenges for the 21st century","volume":"14","author":"AG Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014368.ref049","first-page":"42","article-title":"Ultrastructural comparison of Schistosoma japonicum at different developmental stages and genders","volume":"24","author":"D Ling-Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Anim Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref050","first-page":"430","article-title":"Characteristics of fecal egg distribution in mouse models of Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain) infection","volume":"5","author":"C Kai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pathog Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref051","first-page":"39","article-title":"Growth and fecundity of Schistosoma japonicum in mice maintained at different environmental temperatures","volume":"60","author":"S Ichii","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.281","article-title":"Kinetics of egg production and egg excretion by Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum in mice infected with a single pair of worms","volume":"50","author":"AW Cheever","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.07.026","article-title":"Detection of parasite-specific IgG and IgA in paired serum and saliva samples for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis in northern Paran\u00e1 state, Brazil","volume":"150","author":"LR Bosqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014368.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1155\/2004\/856026","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to determine cut-off points of biomarkers in lung cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"HL Weiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014368.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001690","article-title":"Parasite-derived circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for the detection of human Schistosoma japonicum infection","volume":"147","author":"Y Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014368.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12027","article-title":"Climate warming increases biodiversity of small rodents by favoring rare or less abundant species in a grassland ecosystem","volume":"8","author":"G Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr Zool"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref057","first-page":"10","article-title":"Expert consensus on the strategy and measures to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in China","volume":"33","author":"S L\u00fc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90378-3","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infections in China","volume":"91","author":"Y Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009244","article-title":"Diagnostic test accuracy for detecting Schistosoma japonicum and S. mekongi in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"MO Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014368.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11070791","article-title":"The Efficiency of Commercial Immunodiagnostic Assays for the Field Detection of Schistosoma japonicum Human Infections: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Z Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014368.ref061","article-title":"Comparison of Kato Katz, antibody-based ELISA and droplet digital PCR diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica: Lessons learnt from a setting of low infection intensity","volume":"13","author":"P Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S391017","article-title":"Advances in Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis: Focus on Challenges and Future Approaches","volume":"16","author":"B Chala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.06.006","article-title":"A highly sensitive TaqMan real-time PCR assay for early detection of Schistosoma species","volume":"120","author":"L Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04420-8","article-title":"Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in the domestic goat","volume":"13","author":"Q Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014368.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0298-y","article-title":"Nested-PCR assay for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infection in domestic animals","volume":"6","author":"X Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014368.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140147","article-title":"The Role of Efflux Pumps in Schistosoma mansoni Praziquantel Resistant Phenotype","volume":"10","author":"A Pinto-Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.09.017","article-title":"Surveillance and response: Tools and approaches for the elimination stage of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"141","author":"R Bergquist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014368.ref068","article-title":"DNA detection of Schistosoma japonicum: diagnostic validity of a LAMP assay for low-intensity infection and effects of chemotherapy in humans","volume":"9","author":"J Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014368.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.02.028","article-title":"One-step real time RT-PCR for detection of microRNAs","volume":"110","author":"J Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014368","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T17:48:10Z","timestamp":1779990490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014368"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Murtala","family":"Isah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014368","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}}}