{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:09:50Z","timestamp":1781114990477,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hookworms are the most common soil-transmitted helminths in tropical and subtropical regions. Although infection with hookworms is a principal cause of maternal anemia, there is limited consolidated evidence on pooled prevalence and its proportion among intestinal helminths infections in pregnant women in Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of infection with hookworms and its proportion among intestinal helminths in pregnant women in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 2010 and 2024 were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and African Journals Online using relevant search terms related to Ethiopia. Data extraction was performed using a standardized Excel spreadsheet after assessing the quality of the studies with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17. A random-effects model using the DerSimonian\u2013Laird method was employed to account for heterogeneity, which was assessed using the I\u00b2 statistic and the\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value of Cochrane\u2019s Q test. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Begg\u2019s, and Egger\u2019s tests. Results were presented using forest plots with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 33 studies, including 13367 pregnant women were analysed. Among these 4161 women infected with intestinal Helminthiases, including 1853 cases of infection with hookworms. The pooled prevalence of infection with hookworms among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 12.21% (95% CI: 9.46%\u201314.95%), while the pooled proportion of hookworms among intestinal helminths was 44.0% (95% CI: 33.24%\u201355.75%). Regionally, prevalence was highest in Amhara (13.11%, 95% CI: 9.17%\u201317.05%) and the lowest in Gambella (4.44%, 95% CI: 2.32%\u20136.57%). The proportion was highest in Amhara (67.86%, 95% CI: 57.87%\u201377.84%) and lowest in Harerge (16.67%, 95% CI: 9.21%\u201324.12%). By diagnostic method, the concentration technique yielded the highest prevalence (16.11%, 95% CI: 9.31%\u201322.90%), while combined methods showed the lowest (9.48%, 95% CI: 6.14%\u201312.83%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infection with hookworms remains a public health concern among pregnant women in Ethiopia (pooled prevalence: 12.21%), accounting for 44.0% of intestinal helminths. Marked regional variation exists, highest in Amhara and lowest in Gambella. Prevalence estimates varied by diagnostic method, with higher values from concentration techniques. Targeted interventions, improved sanitation, deworming, and standardized diagnostics are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:45:56Z","timestamp":1781113556000},"page":"e0014376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of hookworm infection and its proportion among pregnant women with intestinal helminth infection in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-1277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengistie Kassahun","family":"Tariku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gezahegn Eshetu","family":"Mekuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu Wagnew","family":"Abuhay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidetu","family":"Demoze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gedefaw","family":"Abeje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mekuriaw Nibret","family":"Aweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habtamu Abebe","family":"Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Teferi","family":"Chanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gelila","family":"Yitageasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebrie Getu","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asebe","family":"Hagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref001","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref002","author":"CDC","year":"2019"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref003","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014376.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000291","article-title":"Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"S Brooker","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014376.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004922","article-title":"The global economic and health burden of human hookworm infection","volume":"10","author":"SM Bartsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10117","key":"pntd.0014376.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31930-X","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"391","author":"PM Jourdan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-00981-1","article-title":"Hookworm infection in infants: a case report and review of literature","volume":"47","author":"G Umbrello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref008","volume-title":"Hookworm","author":"AO Ghodeif","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014376.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0503","article-title":"Maternal hookworm infection and its effects on maternal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"TE Ness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref010","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014376.ref011","article-title":"Effect of administration of antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy","author":"RA Salam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref012","author":"WHO"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03908-0","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Z Animaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014376.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01635-4","article-title":"Burden of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"L Chelkeba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014376.ref015","article-title":"Treatment of soil-transmitted helminth infections in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal outcomes","volume":"27","author":"R Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014376.ref016","article-title":"Mass deworming for soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis among pregnant women: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"RA Salam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014376.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0503","article-title":"Maternal hookworm infection and its effects on maternal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"TE Ness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref018","article-title":"Global distribution of human hookworm species and differences in their morbidity effects: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"ACA Clements","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref019","author":"Worldometer."},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref020","volume-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist","author":"J Eden","year":"2011"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref021","article-title":"Real time forecasting of measles using generation-dependent mathematical model in Japan, 2018","volume":"10","author":"AR Akhmetzhanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref022","author":"MA Jose"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014376.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2009.00629.x","article-title":"Assessing publication bias in meta-analyses in the presence of between-study heterogeneity","volume":"173","author":"JL Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2770-y","article-title":"Intestinal helminthic infection and anemia among pregnant women attending ante-natal care (ANC) in East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"HM Mengist","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-21","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth infection in mothers and their infants in Butajira, Ethiopia: a population based study","volume":"10","author":"Y Belyhun","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014376.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206880","article-title":"Anemia and its association with coffee consumption and hookworm infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"G Kumera","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3291-6","article-title":"Prevalence of helminthic infections and determinant factors among pregnant women in Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"18","author":"BE Feleke","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014376.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188783","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"M Lebso","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-263","article-title":"Prevalence soil transmitted helminthiasis and malaria co-infection among pregnant women and risk factors in Gilgel Gibe Dam area, southwest Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"M Getachew","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014376.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144588","article-title":"Helminthiasis: hookworm infection remains a public health problem in Dera District, South Gondar, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"MB Shiferaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"07","key":"pntd.0014376.ref031","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal helminthiases and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital, Hossana, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"DJ Tesfaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Access Libr J"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8855362","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8855362","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"T Hailu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3387742","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending prenatal care in the Northwestern Ethiopia","volume":"2021","author":"GA Alula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014376.ref034","first-page":"33","article-title":"Determinants of anemia in pregnant women with emphasis on intestinal helminthic infection at Sher-Ethiopia Hospital, Ziway, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"G Tefera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4135-8","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its association with anemia among pregnant women in Wondo Genet district, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"A Bolka","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4684-3","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminthes among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Maytsebri primary hospital, North Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"MG Gebrehiwet","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1859-6","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care center at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"A Derso","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9065425","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9065425","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2022","author":"Y Aschale","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-771","article-title":"Anemia among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia: prevalence, severity and associated risk factors","volume":"7","author":"F Kefiyalew","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4781-3","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"DA Yesuf","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2609-6","article-title":"Helminth infections and practice of prevention and control measures among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Anbesame health center, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"MB Shiferaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7291199","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7291199","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Yifag Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2021","author":"D Damtie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S307683","article-title":"Evaluation of wet mount and concentration techniques of stool examination for intestinal parasites identification at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"G Demeke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073192","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1073192","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Health Institutions of Arba Minch Town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2016","author":"A Bekele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9817358","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and determinant factors of anemia among pregnant women in south Sudanese refugees, Pugnido, Western Ethiopia","volume":"2016","author":"A Alemayehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anemia"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014376.ref046","article-title":"Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant womens and associated risk factors in Western Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"E Ejeta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Sci Qual Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014376.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v25i2.8","article-title":"Anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Wolayita Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"25","author":"L Gedefaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-018-0087-z","article-title":"Undernutrition and its association with socio-demographic, anemia and intestinal parasitic infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"G Kumera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2022.101032","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"AD Buchala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref050","first-page":"100345","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar City: institutional based cross- sectional study","volume":"15","author":"N Nuru Yesuf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kebede E, Asefa N, Daba C, Gebretsadik D. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care center at Woreilu Health Center, Woreilu, Northeast Ethiopia. 2022;2022:5242252.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5242252"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-015-0026-6","article-title":"Prevalence of zinc deficiency and its association with dietary, serum albumin and intestinal parasitic infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"G Kumera","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.27584.1","article-title":"Magnitude of parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women at health facilities in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"D Wachamo","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014376.ref054","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthic infections and geophagia among pregnant women in Jimma Town Health Institutions, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"M Getachew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014376.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5455\/jihp.20130122042052","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Azezo Health Center Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"M Alem","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Interdiscipl Histopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014376.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09331-y","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminths and associated factors among pregnant women in Doreni district, Oromia region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"AT Mekonen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S259882","article-title":"Determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at public health facilities in Kacha Birra District, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"MS Teshome","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.09.007","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnancy - a review","volume":"254","author":"S Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014376.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186724","article-title":"Determinants of severe anemia among laboring mothers in Mekelle city public hospitals, Tigray region, Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Y Ebuy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786337211055437","DOI":"10.1177\/11786337211055437","article-title":"Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthes and associated risk factors among people of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"A Aemiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Auckl)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014376.ref061","article-title":"Determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study","volume":"14","author":"BD Tulu","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref062","author":"GG Ratemo","year":"2023"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2024.114460","article-title":"Post-war status of water supply, sanitation, hygiene and related reported diseases in Tigray, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"263","author":"AA Asgedom","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref064","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S103529","article-title":"Helminth infection during pregnancy: insights from evolutionary ecology","volume":"8","author":"AD Blackwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-111","article-title":"Investigating clinical heterogeneity in systematic reviews: a methodologic review of guidance in the literature","volume":"12","author":"JJ Gagnier","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"pntd.0014376.ref067","unstructured":"Mabaso M. Environmental factors influencing the distribution hookworm infection in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa [sic]. 1998."}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:46:16Z","timestamp":1781113576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014376"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vito","family":"Colella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014376","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]}}}