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Antibody levels against parasite\u2019s antigens wane several months after treatment. Since the acquisition and maintenance of antimalarial humoral immunity depends on the infection, antibodies can serve as biomarkers of parasite exposure, emerging as a promising alternative for monitoring recent exposure to the parasite. We developed and validated a rapid diagnostic test that detects IgG (Ab-RDT) against two blood-stage antigens of\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The Ab-RDT identified a gradual decrease in antibody levels in treated individuals, suggesting that a positive test reflects recent exposure to the parasite or maintenance of infection. In agreement, a longitudinal study showed that a positive test, on Ab-RDT or ELISA, was strongly associated with the risk of subsequent detection of parasitemia by qPCR, highlighting the tests\u2019 usefulness in identifying individuals who were recently exposed or are more likely to be infected. The field performance of the Ab-RDT was 80.1% sensitivity and 89.4% specificity, using ELISA as a reference method, reinforcing the potential of antibody detection as a valuable tool to support malaria surveillance for\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    , especially for monitoring transmission in regions moving towards eradication, thereby enabling more strategic efforts in malaria control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:52:33Z","timestamp":1782496353000},"page":"e0014447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rapid immunochromatographic test for antibody detection as a new tool for monitoring malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7495-9631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia Ramos","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Fioravante","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene da Silva","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Karoline Augusta","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Clara","family":"Gazzinelli-Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Fiorini","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Vinicius Santos","family":"Valiate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Medeiros","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia Martines Vieira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Oliveira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhelio Batista","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anielle","family":"de Pina-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Machado de","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia Caldas de","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renan Pedra de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lis Ribeiro do Valle","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Salles Moura","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Tostes","family":"Gazzinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1108-1160","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Greg\u00f3rio Guilherme","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014447.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/9789287076717","volume-title":"World malaria report 2024: addressing inequity in the global malaria response","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"pntd.0014447.ref002","volume-title":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 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