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However, reliable prognostic markers are still lacking, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment. For over 40 years, therapy has relied on benznidazole and nifurtimox, effective in acute but inconsistent in chronic disease, with frequent adverse effects undermining adherence. Current research is testing shorter regimens, lower doses, and novel compounds. Their evaluation is constrained by the lack of standardized biomarkers of treatment response. Serology requires decades to confirm treatment effect, whereas quantitative PCR (qPCR) enables earlier detection of therapeutic failure. However, heterogeneity of qPCR protocols hampers cross-trial comparisons and meta-analyses. 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