{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:47:34Z","timestamp":1792223254197,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anusandhan National Reseaarch Foundation","award":["PDF\/2023\/000349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDF\/2023\/000349"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010573","name":"Dioraphte Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CfP-NTD2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CfP-NTD2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), Government of India","award":["CfP-NTD2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CfP-NTD2023"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health Research (DHR), Government of India \u2013 Multidisciplinary Research Unit","award":["V.25011\/611\/2016-HR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V.25011\/611\/2016-HR"]}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology"},{"name":"University Grants Commission"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001332","name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a dermal sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered as a reservoir that facilitates the transmission of VL. Although PKDL lesions demonstrate an overwhelming infiltration of CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009T cells, characterization of lesional CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009T cells, their tissue-homing chemokine receptors and corresponding ligands remains poorly defined, and was the aim of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with PKDL, CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009T cells were phenotyped in skin biopsies, in terms of senescence (CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009\/CD57\u207a), and cytotoxicity (expression of Perforin and Granzyme). The plasma levels of T cell chemoattractants (CCL3\/4\/5\/17, CXCL9\/10), and associated cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, IL-5, TNF-\u03b1, IL-15) were assessed by a multiplex assay, while their lesional expression was evaluated by bulk RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the expression of circulating chemokine receptors, namely CCR4 (for CCL17\/22), CCR5 (for CCL3), and CXCR3 (for CXCL9\/10), were assessed by flow cytometry, and at lesional sites using transcriptomic data\/immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As compared to healthy controls, dermal lesions from PKDL patients showed a significant increase in CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009T cells that demonstrated exhaustion\/senescence (CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009\/CD57\u207a), as also lacked Perforin and Granzyme. In circulation and lesional tissues, T cell chemoattractants (CCL 3\/4\/5\/17, CXCL 9\/10) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, IL-5, IL-15 TNF-\u03b1) along with their corresponding receptors, CCR4, CCR5 and CXCR3 were elevated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In dermal lesions of PKDL, an enhanced homing of CD8\u2009\u207a\u2009T cells was achieved via an upregulation of T cell chemoattractants CCL3\/4\/5\/17, CXCL9\/10, and their corresponding receptors. Their exhausted\/senescent phenotype and loss of cytotoxicity possibly facilitated parasite persistence, highlighting the need for host directed immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at restoring T cell potency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:43:56Z","timestamp":1784915036000},"page":"e0014474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of chemokines and their receptors in lesional CD8\u207a T cell homing in Indian Post-Kala-Azar Dermal 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