{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:14:05Z","timestamp":1783538045807,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014480","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000}}],"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people worldwide, predominantly in low-resource settings. While substantial progress has been made in reducing transmission and mortality, the long-term disabilities resulting from NTDs remain insufficiently recognized and inadequately addressed within control programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify, describe, and systematize the types of disabilities reported among individuals affected by NTDs, providing a comprehensive overview of the magnitude and diversity of long-term functional impairments associated with these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, without restrictions on language or publication date. Studies reporting long-term disabilities or sequelae in individuals diagnosed with WHO-listed NTDs were included. Data on study characteristics, population demographics, and disability types were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Methodological quality was assessed using design-specific tools (MINORS, CARE checklist, and Jadad scale).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial search identified 958 records across databases. After removal of duplicates (n\u2009=\u2009478), 480 records were screened, of which 310 were assessed for full-text eligibility. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 130 studies were included in the final analysis, encompassing 551,574 individuals from 25 countries. Overall, 29% (n\u2009=\u2009158,104) of evaluated individuals presented with at least one form of disability. Physical and motor impairments were the most prevalent (24.6%, n\u2009=\u2009135,683), predominantly associated with leprosy-related neuropathic and musculoskeletal sequelae. Visual impairment was the second most frequent disability (1.81%, n\u2009=\u200910,007), largely attributable to trachoma and onchocerciasis. Cardiovascular, neurological, psychological, and social impairments were also reported. Considerable heterogeneity and underreporting of disability outcomes were observed across studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disability represents a substantial and underappreciated outcome of NTDs, extending far beyond infection-related morbidity. The high burden of long-term physical, visual, and other functional impairments underscores the urgent need to integrate disability assessment, rehabilitation services, and disability-inclusive development into NTD control strategies. Addressing these gaps is essential to advance patient-centered care and achieve the broader goals of the WHO NTD Roadmap and Universal Health Coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:46:25Z","timestamp":1782927985000},"page":"e0014480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disability as a neglected outcome of neglected tropical diseases: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Caio Cesar Leiva Bastos","family":"Barrionuevo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferson da Silva","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Maia da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8731-689X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00e1ssia da Luz","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldair Darlan","family":"Santos-de-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Miriam Suemi Sato Barros do","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Fernandes da","family":"Silva Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Vit\u00f3ria Alves dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Cubas-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco","family":"Ar\u00eaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9995-0249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014480.ref001"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014480.ref002","article-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"16","author":"J Ca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pntd.0014480.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417438","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2024.1417438","article-title":"Editorial: Neglected tropical diseases: tackling the challenges of a global world","volume":"6","author":"A Rodrigues","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014480.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-025-00722-8","article-title":"Global partnerships in combating tropical diseases: assessing the impact of a U.S. withdrawal from the WHO","volume":"53","author":"IJ Ogieuhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"pntd.0014480.ref005"},{"key":"pntd.0014480.ref006","first-page":"2049936120966449","article-title":"Overcoming the global burden of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"7","author":"D-A \u00c1lvarez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014480.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22477-x","article-title":"Global trends and burdens of neglected tropical diseases and malaria from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"25","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014480.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.17.0678","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases - 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