{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T19:02:37Z","timestamp":1784314957648,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014484","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Diagnostic Development Center Awards"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Diagnostic Development Center Awards"},{"name":"postdoctoral research grant from Mahidol University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062 and HDTRA1-21-C-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062 and HDTRA1-21-C-0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062 and HDTRA1-21-C-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062 and HDTRA1-21-C-0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062 and HDTRA1-21-C-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062 and HDTRA1-21-C-0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for timely treatment and improved outcomes. Although highly endemic in tropical regions, it remains underdiagnosed due to limitations of current diagnostic methods. Bacterial culture, the diagnostic gold standard, is time-consuming, prone to misidentified species, requires specialized laboratory facilities, and has low sensitivity. The indirect hemagglutination assay is also unreliable due to poor sensitivity and specificity. We developed a second-generation immunochromatography test (Hcp1-ICT) to detect anti-Hcp1 IgG antibodies against hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 of\n                    <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and evaluated its diagnostic performance in an international multi-center study. A total of 1,838 stored serum samples from 601 culture-proven melioidosis patients, 598 healthy individuals and 639 patients with non-melioidosis infections in Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia were analyzed for diagnosis of melioidosis. The sensitivities in Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia were 92%, 77%, 76%, 80%, 74%, 90%, and 48%, respectively. The specificities with healthy donor samples were 96%, 79%, 98%, 100%, 100%, 87%, and 100%, while the specificities for cases with samples from other infections other than melioidosis were 97%, 87%, 98%, 98%, 100%, 90%, and 94%, respectively. These findings indicate that the Hcp1-ICT is a promising point-of-care tool for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. However, its variable performance across regions underscores the need for prospective validation locally in various regions to optimize its diagnostic utility and facilitate implementation in both referral centers and resource-limited settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:54:22Z","timestamp":1783360462000},"page":"e0014484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and international multicenter evaluation of a second-generation immunochromatography test for the serological diagnosis of melioidosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hasyanee","family":"Binmaeil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanakon","family":"Bunsong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koukeo","family":"Phommasone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manivanh","family":"Vongsouvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enoka","family":"Corea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung Thanh","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley Yi Fen","family":"Hii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohaidah","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib Abdul Hakim","family":"Esa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonnii","family":"Sia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwana","family":"Podin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal I-Ching","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Yek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella M.","family":"Meumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary N.","family":"Burtnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-7379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Narisara","family":"Chantratita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.107","article-title":"Melioidosis","volume":"4","author":"WJ Wiersinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000827","article-title":"Drivers of melioidosis endemicity: Epidemiological transition, zoonosis, and climate change","volume":"35","author":"E Birnie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"pntd.0014484.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2012.2335","article-title":"Seasonal variation of soil environmental characteristics affect the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Khon Kaen, Thailand","volume":"7","author":"S Thanapat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15008","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00006203","article-title":"Melioidosis: An important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions","volume":"22","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir808","article-title":"Clinical features and epidemiology of melioidosis pneumonia: results from a 21-year study and review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"EM Meumann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014484.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100118","article-title":"Characteristics and one year outcomes of melioidosis patients in northeastern Thailand: A prospective, multicenter cohort study","volume":"9","author":"N Chantratita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014484.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000900","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical spectrum of melioidosis: 540 cases from the 20 year Darwin prospective study","volume":"4","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005411","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management","volume":"11","author":"JD Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.04.010","article-title":"Prostatic abscess due to Burkholderia pseudomallei: 81 cases from a 19-year prospective melioidosis study","volume":"182","author":"LP Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"pntd.0014484.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00064-9","article-title":"Neurological melioidosis","volume":"74","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014484.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30157-4","article-title":"Global burden of melioidosis in 2015: A systematic review and data synthesis","volume":"19","author":"E Birnie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014484.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242499","article-title":"Case of melioidosis misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"C Veluthat","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014484.ref014","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of 7126 melioidosis patients in thailand and the implications for a national notifiable diseases surveillance system","volume":"6","author":"V Hantrakun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398389","article-title":"Melioidosis: Evolving concepts in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"36","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.383-416.2005","article-title":"Melioidosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"18","author":"AC Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014484.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00346-18","article-title":"A rapid immunochromatography test based on Hcp1 is a potential point-of-care test for serological diagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"56","author":"P Phokrai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.330","article-title":"Indirect hemagglutination assay in patients with melioidosis in northern Australia","volume":"74","author":"AC Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref019","article-title":"Melioidosis diagnostic workshop, 2013","volume":"21","author":"AR Hoffmaster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002727","article-title":"Development of a prototype lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) for the rapid diagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"8","author":"RL Houghton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014484.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01218-10","article-title":"The cluster 1 type VI secretion system is a major virulence determinant in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"79","author":"MN Burtnick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014484.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05148-11","article-title":"Regulation of type VI secretion system during Burkholderia pseudomallei infection","volume":"79","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012758","article-title":"Genetic variation of hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 affects the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"19","author":"S Tandhavanant","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014484.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8235","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08235","article-title":"Extended loop region of Hcp1 is critical for the assembly and function of type VI secretion system in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"5","author":"YT Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005499","article-title":"Comparison of O-polysaccharide and hemolysin co-regulated protein as target antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"11","author":"A Pumpuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13972","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48828-4","article-title":"Distinct classes and subclasses of antibodies to hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 and O-polysaccharide and correlation with clinical characteristics of melioidosis patients","volume":"9","author":"A Pumpuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01605-22","article-title":"Prospective analysis of antibody diagnostic tests and TTS1 Real-Time PCR for diagnosis of melioidosis in areas where it is endemic","volume":"61","author":"C Noparatvarakorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014484.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02856-15","article-title":"Development of rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"54","author":"V Suttisunhakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01822-10","article-title":"Randomized soil survey of the distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in rice fields in Laos","volume":"77","author":"S Rattanavong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014484.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01039-23","article-title":"Optimization and prospective evaluation of sensitive real-time PCR assays with an internal control for the diagnosis of melioidosis in Thailand","volume":"11","author":"C Noparatvarakorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.96","article-title":"Speed of detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures and its correlation with the clinical outcome","volume":"57","author":"C Tiangpitayakorn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014484.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012485","article-title":"Defining the true sensitivity of culture for the diagnosis of melioidosis using Bayesian latent class models","volume":"5","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu733","article-title":"Clinical presentation and medical management of melioidosis in children: a 24-year prospective study in the Northern Territory of Australia and review of the literature","volume":"60","author":"C McLeod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014484.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215583801","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis: past, present and future","volume":"240","author":"SKP Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014484.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0114","article-title":"Evaluation of polysaccharide-based latex agglutination assays for the rapid detection of antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"93","author":"V Suttisunhakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00289-06","article-title":"Accuracy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude and purified antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"14","author":"N Chantratita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014484.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00077-11","article-title":"Evidence of Burkholderia pseudomallei-specific immunity in patient sera persistently nonreactive by the indirect hemagglutination assay","volume":"18","author":"PNA Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04949-22","article-title":"Comparison of melioidosis indirect hemagglutination assay between three testing laboratories in Australia","volume":"11","author":"M Armstrong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref039","first-page":"105","article-title":"Interferences in immunoassay","volume":"25","author":"J Tate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014484.ref040","first-page":"942","article-title":"Interferences in immunoassay\u2014still a threat","volume":"45","author":"LJ Kricka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014484.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.3.4.409","article-title":"Effects of preanalytical variables on peptide and protein measurements in human serum and plasma: Implications for clinical proteomics","volume":"3","author":"AJ Rai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Proteomics"},{"key":"pntd.0014484.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2019.113410","article-title":"Sensitivity and reproducibility improvements in a human plasma immunoassay with removal of clotting factors","volume":"585","author":"J Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014484.ref043","first-page":"231","article-title":"Fibrinogen as a source of interference in heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays","volume":"23","author":"R Allner","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014484.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008452","article-title":"Melioidosis DS rapid test: A standardized serological dipstick assay with increased sensitivity and reliability due to multiplex detection","volume":"14","author":"GE Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014484.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2239-2240.2004","article-title":"Further evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for melioidosis in an area of endemicity","volume":"42","author":"M O\u2019Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnostic value of serological tests for melioidosis in an endemic area","volume":"9","author":"S Sirisinha","year":"1991","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0007","article-title":"Melioidosis and Activation from Latency: The \u201cTime Bomb\u201d Has Not Occurred","volume":"111","author":"M Howes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014484.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00026-09","article-title":"Clinical features that affect indirect-hemagglutination-assay responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"16","author":"PNA Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref049","first-page":"38","article-title":"Melioidosis in Thailand: Present and Future","volume":"3","author":"S Hinjoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014484.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00021-13","article-title":"Surprisingly low seroprevalence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in exposed healthy adults in the Darwin region of tropical Australia where melioidosis is highly endemic","volume":"20","author":"GL James","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014484.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23473","article-title":"Frozen-state storage stability of a monoclonal antibody: Aggregation is impacted by freezing rate and solute distribution","volume":"102","author":"MA Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref052","article-title":"In reply: the evaluation of IgG titers\u2019 stability from blood samples is necessary","volume":"31","author":"YT Ouh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387241296848","article-title":"Considerations on the stability of IgG antibody in clinical specimens","volume":"37","author":"L Yen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"pntd.0014484.ref054","article-title":"Effect of storage conditions on the performance of nitrocellulose test strips used in lateral flow assays","author":"N Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23263-z","article-title":"Variation in diagnostic test requests and outcomes: A preliminary metric for OpenPathology.net","volume":"8","author":"JW O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014484.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11214-9","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of non-culture methods for the diagnosis of melioidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"C Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014484.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2024.31.6.4","article-title":"Performance of antibody-detection tests for human melioidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"K Selvam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014484.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011072","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay (BurkPx) for accurate melioidosis diagnosis","volume":"17","author":"EW Settles","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014484.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0998","article-title":"Antibodies in melioidosis: The role of the indirect hemagglutination assay in evaluating patients and exposed populations","volume":"99","author":"P Chaichana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014484","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:02:37Z","timestamp":1784311357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014484"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bradley R.","family":"Borlee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014484","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}}}