{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:15:44Z","timestamp":1783707344610,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch","award":["P0120_24_N6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0120_24_N6"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch","award":["P0136_22_N6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0136_22_N6"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance Branch","award":["P0130_23_N6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0130_23_N6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are the causative agents of Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, respectively. These flagellates have complex transmission cycles involving a variety of mammal hosts, some of which may serve as potential reservoirs for both parasites. The region of Urab\u00e1, located in northwestern Colombia, is the most widely used migratory route in Latin America where the largest migration phenomenon in the last 15 years has occurred. In this study, we evaluated the co-circulation and co-infections with\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in the municipalities of Apartad\u00f3, Turbo, Necocl\u00ed and San Pedro de Urab\u00e1 using a One Health approach. Integrated efforts included (i) a cross-sectional serological study to assess human infection, (ii) an entomological survey to assess the presence and natural infection of vectors, and (iii) an evaluation of synanthropic mammal infection by both parasites using molecular tools. Our study found recent\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission in Turbo and Necocl\u00ed, with an infection frequency of 2.42% (95% CI: 1.28\u20133.56), and identified 11 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with two individuals coinfected with both pathogens. We collected 57 triatomine bugs (\n                    <jats:italic>Rhodnius pallescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and found that 68.4% (n\u2009=\u200939) were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In addition, we collected 2,334 sand flies, with\n                    <jats:italic>Pressatia dysponeta<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the most abundant species (79.9%), and detected natural\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. infection in\n                    <jats:italic>Lutzomyia gomezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u20093)\n                    <jats:italic>, Psychodopygus panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u20091) and\n                    <jats:italic>Nyssomyia trapidoi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u20091). Finally,\n                    <jats:italic>Didelphis marsupialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u200921) was the most frequently captured mammal; 40,9% tested positive for\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 27,3% for\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and one specimen was positive for both pathogens. This study highlights the active transmission and co-circulation of\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. parasites in Urab\u00e1, demonstrating not only the high risk for the local population but also for migrants traversing this area, raising concerns about the potential spread of these parasites to other regions of the continent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1783704298000},"page":"e0014496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-circulation of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in Northwestern Colombia, a major migratory corridor"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Cantillo-Barraza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Pab\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-5667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo O.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Posada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Vel\u00e1squez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurany","family":"Granada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Triana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gissella 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