{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:56:32Z","timestamp":1791060992557,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014644","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000}}],"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondi Ricerca Corrente"},{"name":"Fondi Ricerca Corrente","award":["Project L3P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project L3P1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) affect nearly two billion people worldwide, yet preparedness to diagnose and manage them remains limited in high-income countries (HICs), where shifting epidemiology driven by climate changes, migration, mobility, international food and animal trade and global\u00a0interconnection\u00a0requires broader clinical competencies. Evidence on NTD-related knowledge among medical trainees in Europe is scarce. This study aimed to develop, validate, and field-test a comprehensive instrument assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding NTDs among Italian medical students, recent graduates, and residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured questionnaire was developed using a multi-step approach informed by World Health Organization (WHO) Neglected Tropical Diseases priorities and a targeted literature review. Content validity was assessed through a two-round Delphi process with a multidisciplinary national expert panel (Round 1: n\u2009=\u200936; Round 2: n\u2009=\u200934), followed by external expert evaluation (n\u2009=\u200917). Quantitative content validation included Item- and Scale-Level Content Validity Indices (I-CVI, S-CVI\/Ave) and interquartile ranges (IQR) to assess expert consensus. Reliability and psychometric properties were evaluated in a national sample of Italian medical trainees (n\u2009=\u200996), including internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1; KR-20), test\u2013retest reliability (ICC; Cohen\u2019s \u03ba), and item performance analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across Delphi rounds, 91\u201398% of items reached consensus (IQR\u2009\u2264\u20091), and overall content validity was excellent (S-CVI\/Ave 0.96\u20130.98). Reliability metrics confirmed strong internal consistency (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.863; KR-20\u2009=\u20090.82) and good temporal stability (ICC\u2009=\u20090.89; \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.72\u20130.84). Known-groups validity was demonstrated by significantly higher knowledge scores among residents compared with medical students (p\u2009=\u20090.014).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first Delphi-validated national instrument assessing NTD-related knowledge among Italian medical trainees. The tool can offer a foundation for evaluating curricula and informing educational reform, supporting the integration of NTD-related competencies in European medical education in response to evolving global health challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:44:16Z","timestamp":1787593456000},"page":"e0014644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and validation of a national questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices on neglected tropical diseases among italian medical trainees"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8783-7221","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Guido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","place":["Bari, Italy"],"department":["Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia","place":["Brescia, Italy"],"department":["Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Barbiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Florence, Italy"],"department":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mangiapelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"],"department":["Department of Infectious Diseases"]},{"name":"Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia","place":["Pavia, Italy"],"department":["Department of Public Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Perego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan","place":["Milan, Italy"],"department":["ParVirLab, Department of Biomedical"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Perugini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"],"department":["Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Scarso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella","place":["Verona, Italy"],"department":["Department of Infectious"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spinello","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","place":["Milano, Italy"],"department":["Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bartoloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Florence, Italy"],"department":["Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Basilico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan","place":["Milan, Italy"],"department":["ParVirLab, Department of Biomedical"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gioia","family":"Bongiorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Istituto 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