{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:18:23Z","timestamp":1788373103393,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014693","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI183506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI183506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    West Nile virus (WNV; formally\n                    <jats:italic>Orthoflavivirus nilense<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a globally distributed arbovirus maintained mainly by mosquitoes of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Since its introduction in Argentina in late 2004, efforts have focused on identifying which species of this genus are involved in its transmission. This study evaluated vector competence and transmission dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations from central Argentina. Mosquitoes were fed using an infected bloodmeal containing increasing viral doses (from 2 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    to 7.5 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    PFU\/mL). Infection, dissemination, and transmission were determined in Vero cells through viral plaque detection in the abdomen, legs, and saliva samples. Dose\u2013response relationships were quantified using mixed modelling approaches incorporating population-level variation, and temporal dynamics were evaluated to estimate the extrinsic incubation period. Both species exhibited parallel dose\u2013response patterns, indicating comparable susceptibility and transmission potential. Infection probability increased progressively with viral dose, with a median infectious dose (ID\u2085\u2080) estimated at 4.63 log\u2081\u2080 PFU\/mL. Dissemination required higher viral exposure (DD\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u20096.45 log\u2081\u2080 PFU\/mL), while transmission showed the highest threshold (TD\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u20098.16 log\u2081\u2080 PFU\/mL), suggesting the presence of sequential biological barriers during the infection process. Population-level variability was most pronounced during the infection stage (14%) but became minimal once viral dissemination was established. Temporal analyses revealed that transmission began around 8 days post-infection at 27\u00b0C, with an estimated median extrinsic incubation period of 11 days. These results demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Cx. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations exhibit comparable vector competence for WNV in Argentina and highlight infection-stage variability as a major source of heterogeneity among populations. The identified dose thresholds and incubation dynamics indicate that both species could contribute equally to local transmission cycles, providing key biological parameters for understanding WNV persistence near its southern distribution limit.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:37:51Z","timestamp":1787938671000},"page":"e0014693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population-level variation shapes West Nile virus transmission potential in the Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-3549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Octavio","family":"Giayetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"],"department":["Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J.M. Vanella\u201d \u2013 Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Andrea","family":"Onorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"],"department":["Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J.M. Vanella\u201d \u2013 Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Rucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"],"department":["Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J.M. Vanella\u201d \u2013 Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Barco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"],"department":["Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J.M. Vanella\u201d \u2013 Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio D.","family":"Beranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"],"department":["Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J.M. Vanella\u201d \u2013 Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"],"department":["Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virolog\u00eda \u201cDr. J.M. Vanella\u201d \u2013 Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014693.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70030-3","article-title":"West Nile virus","volume":"6","author":"LD Kramer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pntd.0014693.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0393:WNVAW]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"West Nile Virus and Wildlife","volume":"54","author":"PP Marra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"pntd.0014693.ref003","first-page":"493","article-title":"Intertwined arbovirus transmission activity: reassessing the transmission cycle 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