{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:51:28Z","timestamp":1791226288338,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014755","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000}}],"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Key R&D and Conversion Plan of Qinghai Province","award":["2025-QY-227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-QY-227"]}]},{"name":"The Key R&D and Conversion Plan of Qinghai Province","award":["2025-QY-227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-QY-227"]}]},{"name":"The State-Level Support Project for Agricultural Industry Development in Haixi Prefecture","award":["2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025"]}]},{"name":"The State-Level Support Project for Agricultural Industry Development in Haixi Prefecture","award":["2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025"]}]},{"name":"The State-Level Support Project for Agricultural Industry Development in Haixi Prefecture","award":["2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025"]}]},{"name":"The Open Project of State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases","award":["RCGHCRB202506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCGHCRB202506"]}]},{"name":"The Qinghai Province \u201cKunlun Talents High-end Innovation and Entrepreneurial Talents\u201d Talent Training Project."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , for which early and accurate diagnosis remains challenging. In this study, we targeted\n                    <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    thioredoxin peroxidase (EmTPx), a highly abundant excretory\/secretory protein conserved across the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , for diagnostic development. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against EmTPx were generated, and two linear B\u2011cell epitopes,\n                    <jats:sup>174<\/jats:sup>\n                    HPGSK\n                    <jats:sup>178<\/jats:sup>\n                    and\n                    <jats:sup>189<\/jats:sup>\n                    SFMSS\n                    <jats:sup>193<\/jats:sup>\n                    , were identified. Both epitopes are strictly conserved within\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    but markedly divergent from mammalian host sequences. Structural modeling revealed that the epitopes are surface\u2011exposed, with\n                    <jats:sup>174<\/jats:sup>\n                    HPGSK\n                    <jats:sup>178<\/jats:sup>\n                    located in a flexible loop and\n                    <jats:sup>189<\/jats:sup>\n                    SFMSS\n                    <jats:sup>193<\/jats:sup>\n                    adjacent to an \u03b1\u2011helix, conformations favorable for antibody recognition. Two ELISA methods were established using the epitope\u2011specific mAbs. The blocking ELISA showed moderate diagnostic performance. More importantly, the sandwich ELISA enabled direct detection of EmTPx antigen in fecal samples of intermediate hosts, revealing a detection rate of 85% in mouse feces at an early infection stage. With a linear range of 0\u2013250 ng\/mL, a cutoff of 0.1724, and intra\u2011 and inter\u2011assay precision below 10%, this sandwich ELISA demonstrated robust analytical performance. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study identifies two evolutionarily conserved and structurally exposed EmTPx epitopes and demonstrates their potential utility for the development of monoclonal antibody-based approaches for non-invasive detection of echinococcosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:35:56Z","timestamp":1790098556000},"page":"e0014755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conserved surface-exposed linear epitopes of Echinococcus multilocularis thioredoxin peroxidase enable non-invasive diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in intermediate host"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5212-0377","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing 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