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Achieving sustainable disease control requires a One Health approach, yet the development of urgently required pan-species chemotherapeutics is severely hindered by a lack of unified biological understanding of the causative species. A major bottleneck in drug discovery is the distinct\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    requirements of the clinically relevant species. Whilst\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    is typically cultured in FBS-supplemented culture,\n                    <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the primary cause of AAT, requires the use of goat serum. The differing serum supplementation requirements of these two trypanosome species point to metabolic distinctions, which may be important considerations in developing experimental systems to enable the identification and design of novel, pan-species therapies. In this study, untargeted LC-MS lipidomics analyses were conducted to determine the relative lipidomic profiles of\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    bloodstream form parasites. The use of a novel medium formulation that permits effective\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture of both species revealed that their lipidomic profiles are distinct. Notably, ether phospholipids, key molecules in\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    lipid biology, are relatively absent in\n                    <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, the\n                    <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    lipidome is enriched with shorter chain saturated lipids, whilst\n                    <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits a preference for longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These observations indicate that there are significant differences in the ways these parasites synthesise and remodel their lipid complement, highlighting an evolutionary divergence between the species that likely carries implications for host-pathogen interactions as well as trypanosome membrane biology. Crucially, defining the species-specific lipid dependencies provides the foundation for pan-species culture systems, thereby removing a critical barrier to the discovery and design of novel therapeutics effective against all African trypanosome species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:45:31Z","timestamp":1790271931000},"page":"e0014771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative lipidomic profiling of African trypanosomes reveals metabolic distinctions impacting pan-species drug development"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4509-5045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Dickie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Infection and Immunity"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-9214","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan K.","family":"Weidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["Shared Research Facilities (SRF), MVLS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Haggarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["Shared Research Facilities (SRF), MVLS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-6012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gavin","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["Shared Research Facilities (SRF), MVLS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences","place":["Inverness, United Kingdom"],"department":["Division of Biomedical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Infection and Immunity"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Paxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh","place":["Midlothian, United Kingdom"],"department":["The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews","place":["St Andrews, United Kingdom"],"department":["Schools of Chemistry and Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip D.","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["Shared Research Facilities (SRF), MVLS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of St Andrews","place":["St Andrews, United Kingdom"],"department":["Schools of Chemistry and Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam J.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh","place":["Midlothian, United Kingdom"],"department":["The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Infection and Immunity"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3677-5898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pieter C.","family":"Steketee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh","place":["Midlothian, United Kingdom"],"department":["The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014771.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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