{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:36:22Z","timestamp":1793126182790,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014776","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793059200000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P024084\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P024084\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10206\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10206\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102330\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102330\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01TW009504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01TW009504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes, poses a major public health challenge in tropical regions. In Brazil, its incidence has increased, especially in socioeconomically vulnerable areas, where environmental conditions favor the proliferation of vectors. Our objective was to assess the socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities associated with the spatial distribution of a)\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    and b) resident exposure to CHIKV in a low-income community. Identifying key exposure hotspots, our work improves our understanding of CHIKV transmission in informal settlements and facilitates community-based interventions to mitigate CHIKV risk. We monitored\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    using ovitraps and conducted a serological survey from October 2021 to June 2022 in a vulnerable informal community in Salvador, Brazil. Blood samples and sociodemographic, household, and environmental data were collected from residents aged \u22655 years. CHIKV serology was performed, and spatial models using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation assessed vector distribution, seropositivity, and associated factors. Among 194 ovitraps, posterior estimates indicated higher egg counts in peridomicile locations (IRR\u2009=\u20091.99; CrI:1.31-3.06); households experiencing food insecurity (IRR\u2009=\u20091.77; CrI:1.05 - 2.99), properties with unpaved yards (IRR\u2009=\u20093.76; CrI:2.31-6.18), and areas with greater garbage density (IRR\u2009=\u20091.25; CrI:1.01 -1.56). Among 888 participants, Bayesian spatial modeling identified factors associated with CHIKV seropositivity: elderly (OR= 2.24; CrI:1.16-4.35), uncovered brick walls (OR=2.29; CrI:1.16-4.55), the presence of yards, either paved (OR=2.06; CrI:1.30-3.00) or unpaved (OR=2.71; CrI:1.73-4.25), and self-reported mosquito sightings (OR=1.94; CrI:1.19-3.18). In addition, remotely sensed Land Surface Temperature (OR=1.33; CrI:0.98-1.83) and the spatial ovitraps egg counts (OR=1.14; CrI:0.87-1.52) were relevant variables. Our high-resolution study identified fine-scale vulnerabilities linked to both\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance and heightened risk of CHIKV transmission. Based on our findings, effective control strategies should not only focus on traditional methods such as enhancing basic urban infrastructure and services and promoting community awareness, but also target specific breeding sites around homes, address garbage accumulation, and consider the influence of micro-scale temperature variations. These results emphasize the importance of tailored, neighborhood-specific interventions to effectively reduce chikungunya transmission in high-risk communities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:32:12Z","timestamp":1791826332000},"page":"e0014776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socio-environmental assessment of Aedes aegypti distribution and risk of chikungunya in vulnerable community"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4128-1008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaqueline S.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernan D.","family":"Argibay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivison","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammed","family":"Mogaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]},{"name":"Yale School of Public Health","place":["New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago da M.","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena Ellen S.","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara R. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Kaua","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria C. Dedavid","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ianei de O.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Escola de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeimi A. Alzate","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]},{"name":"Yale School of Public Health","place":["New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Faculdade de Medicina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert I.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto 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Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto de Sa\u00fade Coletiva"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-6387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hussein","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","place":["Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"],"department":["Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz"]},{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"],"department":["Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014776.ref001","volume-title":"Guidelines on clinical management of chikungunya 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