{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:24:23Z","timestamp":1791429863739,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,21]],"date-time":"2007-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1195603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,20]],"date-time":"2007-11-20T18:05:51Z","timestamp":1195581951000},"page":"e1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Reappraisal of Vipera aspis Venom Neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ferquel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"de Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Guillemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Jourdain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Teyni\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"d'Alayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Choumet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(78)90065-X","article-title":"Mojave rattlesnake <italic>Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus<\/italic> venom: variation in toxicity with geographical origin.","volume":"16","author":"JL Glenn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(84)90170-3","article-title":"Intraspecific variation in content of a basic toxin in eastern diamondback rattlesnake (<italic>Crotalus adamanteus<\/italic>) venom.","volume":"22","author":"D Mebs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612043152303","article-title":"Positive response to edrophonium in patients with neurotoxic envenoming by cobras (<italic>Naja naja philippinensis<\/italic>). A placebo-controlled study.","volume":"315","author":"G Watt","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(95)00122-0","article-title":"Electrophoretic profiles and biological activities: intraspecific variation in the venom of the Malayan pit viper (<italic>Calloselasma rhodostoma<\/italic>).","volume":"34","author":"JC Daltry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017972511272","article-title":"Variations in biochemical and pharmacological properties of Indian cobra (<italic>Naja naja naja<\/italic>) venom due to geographical distribution.","volume":"229","author":"R Shashidharamurthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/379537a0","article-title":"Diet and snake venom evolution.","volume":"379","author":"JC Daltry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"249","article-title":"Diet and snake venom evolution: can local selection alone explain intraspecific venom variation?","volume":"37","author":"M Sasa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90116-9","article-title":"Snake venom variability: methods of study, results and interpretation.","volume":"29","author":"JP Chippaux","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(97)00475-3","article-title":"The composition of Naja naja venom samples from three districts of West Bengal, India.","volume":"119","author":"AK Mukherjee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02942.x","article-title":"Acute intrinsic renal failure and blood coagulation disorders after a snakebite in a dog.","volume":"36","author":"J Puig","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00168-2","article-title":"Dysphonia, an uncommon symptom of systemic neurotoxic envenomation by <italic>Vipera aspis<\/italic> bite. Report of two cases.","volume":"36","author":"E Beer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.3.179","article-title":"Envenomation by the horned viper (<italic>Vipera ammodytes<\/italic> L.).","volume":"162","author":"V Radonic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(85)90312-7","article-title":"Ammodytoxin A, a highly lethal phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> from <italic>Vipera ammodytes<\/italic> ammodytes venom.","volume":"828","author":"A Ritonja","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1984.365.2.885","article-title":"Sequence homology between phospholipase and its inhibitor in snake venom. The primary structure of the inhibitor of vipoxin from the venom of the Bulgarian viper (<italic>Vipera ammodytes ammodytes<\/italic>, Serpentes).","volume":"365","author":"I Mancheva","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00853-3","article-title":"Crystal structure of vipoxin at 2.0 A: an example of regulation of a toxic function generated by molecular evolution.","volume":"412","author":"M Perbandt","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444901013543","article-title":"Structure of the neurotoxic complex vipoxin at 1.4 A resolution.","volume":"57","author":"S Banumathi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"20","article-title":"Des vip\u00e8res neurotoxiques dans les Alpes-Maritimes.","volume":"265","author":"L de Haro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Prat MG"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327102ht226oa","article-title":"Unusual neurotoxic envenomations by <italic>Vipera aspis aspis<\/italic> snakes in France.","volume":"21","author":"L de Haro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"81","article-title":"Les vip\u00e8res du sud du Massif Central: morphologie externe et venins.","volume":"119","author":"H Saint-Girons","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull Soc Hist Nat Toulouse"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0126","article-title":"Complete primary structure of the subunits of heterodimeric phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> from <italic>Vipera a. zinnikeri<\/italic> venom.","volume":"327","author":"Y Komori","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03205-2","article-title":"Toxicity evolution of <italic>Vipera aspis aspis<\/italic> venom: identification and molecular modeling of a novel phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> heterodimer neurotoxin.","volume":"527","author":"V Jan","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1997.00772.x","article-title":"Bov-B long interspersed repeated DNA (LINE) sequences are present in <italic>Vipera ammodytes<\/italic> phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> genes and in genomes of Viperidae snakes.","volume":"246","author":"D Kordis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03629.x","article-title":"Sequences and structural organization of phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> genes from <italic>Vipera aspis aspis<\/italic>, <italic>V. aspis zinnikeri<\/italic> and <italic>Vipera berus berus<\/italic> venom. Identification of the origin of a new viper population based on ammodytin I1 heterogeneity.","volume":"270","author":"I Guillemin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90854-X","article-title":"Envenoming by viper bites in France: clinical gradation and biological quantification by ELISA.","volume":"30","author":"F Audebert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.","volume":"162","author":"P Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00250-1","article-title":"mRNA secondary structure can greatly affect production of recombinant phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> toxins in bacteria.","volume":"40","author":"G Ivanovski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2004.11.004","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera <italic>Macrovipera<\/italic> (Reuss, 1927) and <italic>Daboia<\/italic> (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic <italic>Vipera aspis<\/italic> aspis populations.","volume":"35","author":"T Garrigues","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90022-5","article-title":"A sensitive and continuous fluorometric assay for phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> using pyrene-labeled phospholipids in the presence of serum albumin.","volume":"177","author":"F Radvanyi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90018-M","article-title":"Immunochemical cross-reactivity of two phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> neurotoxins, agkistrodotoxin and crotoxin.","volume":"29","author":"V Choumet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Phospholipase A<sub>2<\/sub> diversity and polymorphism in European viper venoms: Paradoxical molecular evolution in Viperinae.","author":"VM Jan","year":"2007","journal-title":"doi:10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.024"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01713","article-title":"Intraspecific variation of venom injected by fish-hunting Conus snails.","volume":"208","author":"JA Jakubowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-002-2403-4","article-title":"Genetic and ecological correlates of intraspecific variation in pitviper venom composition detected using matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and isoelectric focusing.","volume":"56","author":"S Creer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0505-393","article-title":"Protein quantification by the SELDI-TOF-MS-based ProteinChip\u00ae System.","volume":"2","author":"S Vorderw\u00fclbecke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"A propos des morsures de vip\u00e8res dans le sud-ouest. Enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s de 550 m\u00e9decins g\u00e9\u00e9nralistes.","author":"PM Bear","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Evaluation de l&apos;utilisation de Viperfav dans les envenimations par les vip\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes.","author":"P Rioul","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"262","article-title":"[Treatment with F(ab&apos;)2(Viperfav) for viper envenomation].","volume":"31","author":"S Seiberras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"220","article-title":"[Neurotoxic envenomation by viper bite].","volume":"30","author":"PE Stoebner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"259","article-title":"Les piq\u00fbres de vip\u00e8res. Donn\u00e9es cliniques et th\u00e9rapeutiques, \u00e9tude de 21 cas observ\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion ni\u00e7oise.","volume":"4","author":"JM Chabert","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lyon M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e M\u00e9dical"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Les serpents de France: syst\u00e9matique, biologie des venins, clinique et th\u00e9rapeutique des morsures.","author":"B Zecchini","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"A propos d&apos;un cas d&apos;envenimation.","author":"J Jouglard","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"L&apos;envenimation vip\u00e9rine dans les Hautes-Alpes.","author":"F Dupuy","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1277","article-title":"[<italic>Vipera ursinii<\/italic> poisoning: 8 cases].","volume":"27","author":"P Orsini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00138-4","article-title":"A case of intestinal infarction following Vipera aspis bite.","volume":"36","author":"E Beer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"62","article-title":"Venomous snake bites in Italy: epidemiological and clinical aspects.","volume":"39","author":"E Pozio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"359","article-title":"La r\u00e9partition des vip\u00e8res dans les Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es et dans les r\u00e9gions voisines de l&apos;Espagne.","volume":"115","author":"R Duguy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull Soc Hist Nat Toulouse"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02315.x","article-title":"The genetic structure of adders (<italic>Vipera berus<\/italic>) in Fennoscandia: congruence between different kinds of genetic markers.","volume":"13","author":"M Carlsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.08.004","article-title":"Phylogeography of the asp viper (<italic>Vipera aspis<\/italic>) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data: evidence for multiple Mediterranean refugial areas.","volume":"38","author":"S Ursenbacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04328","article-title":"Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes.","volume":"439","author":"BG Fry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Evolution of an arsenal: Structural and functional diversification of the venom system in the advanced snakes (Caenophidia).","author":"BG Fry","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00160-8","article-title":"Venoms, antivenoms and immunotherapy.","volume":"36","author":"JP Chippaux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.04.007","article-title":"Thrombotic stroke following snake bites by the \u201cFer-de-Lance\u201d<italic>Bothrops lanceolatus<\/italic> in Martinique despite antivenom treatment: a report of three recent cases.","volume":"48","author":"L Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0001194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]],"date-time":"2019-05-04T17:52:03Z","timestamp":1556992323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0001194"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Max","family":"Goyffon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0001194","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,21]]}}}