{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:50:50Z","timestamp":1792021850810,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]],"date-time":"2008-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219190400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,19]],"date-time":"2008-08-19T21:12:32Z","timestamp":1219180352000},"page":"e3003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["HIV Replication Enhances Production of Free Fatty Acids, Low Density Lipoproteins and Many Key Proteins Involved in Lipid Metabolism: A Proteomics Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Suraiya","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper S.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvan S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.2.207","article-title":"Abacavir substitution for nucleoside analogs in patients with HIV lipoatrophy: a randomized trial.","volume":"288","author":"A Carr","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.025","article-title":"Impact of HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy on leukocyte adhesion molecules, arterial inflammation, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis.","volume":"185","author":"SD Fisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.e56","article-title":"Marked dyslipidemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"110","author":"E Lainka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"174","article-title":"The prevalence of lipodystrophy in an ambulant HIV-infected population: it all depends on the definition. HIV.","volume":"2","author":"VM Carter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02185.x","article-title":"Plasma lipids in HIV-infected patients: a prospective study in 95 patients.","volume":"24","author":"J Constans","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000051731.69719.2E","article-title":"Lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"96","author":"LK Tanwani","year":"2003","journal-title":"South. Med. J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.05.006","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: the metabolic cost of improved survival.","volume":"19","author":"EG Leonard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0206113","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus infection and macrophage cholesterol metabolism.","volume":"80","author":"M Bukrinsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Leukoc. Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305230-00009","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein concentrations relate to the clinical course of HIV viral load in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"17","author":"C onso-Villaverde","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2006.03.013","article-title":"HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy have higher rates of carotid atherosclerosis: the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.","volume":"34","author":"B Coll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/174182670200900511","article-title":"HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"9","author":"G Barbaro","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Risk"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00045415-200008050-00005","article-title":"The cardiovascular and metabolic complications of HIV infection.","volume":"8","author":"G Krishnaswamy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"204","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in HIV patients: a new face for an old disease?","volume":"8","author":"P Maggi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(01)00019-4","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus and host cell lipids. Interesting pathways in research for a new HIV therapy.","volume":"41","author":"J Raulin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207781039661","article-title":"Visceral fat as target of highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated metabolic syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"G Barbaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"663","article-title":"Low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B metabolism in treatment-naive HIV patients and patients on antiretroviral therapy. Antivir.","volume":"10","author":"AM Umpleby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ther"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1408-5","article-title":"Nelfinavir-induced insulin resistance is associated with impaired plasma membrane recruitment of the PI 3-kinase effectors Akt\/PKB and PKC-zeta.","volume":"47","author":"R Ben-Romano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03391-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of HIV-1-protease inhibitor-associated peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance.","volume":"%20;351","author":"A Carr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-005-2740-3","article-title":"[HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, and endothelium].","volume":"30","author":"D Hurlimann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Regional Adipose Tissue and Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in HIV-Infected Women.","author":"J Currier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Both long-term HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy are independent risk factors for early carotid atherosclerosis.","author":"MW Lorenz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"34","article-title":"Wasting and body changes: what do we know so far?","volume":"34-6.","author":"E Gomez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Newsline. People. AIDS Coalit. N. Y. :"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1086\/313854","article-title":"HIV protease inhibitor-related lipodystrophy syndrome.","volume":"30","author":"A Carr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"23S","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"118","author":"SK Grinspoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200023010-00004","article-title":"Lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV infection: what is it, what causes it and how can it be managed?","volume":"23","author":"GM Behrens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"225","article-title":"Diabetes, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).","volume":"25","author":"C Vigouroux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pathogenesis of lipodystrophy and lipid abnormalities in patients taking antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"9","author":"PW Mallon","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F63","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907090-00001","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance, beta cell function and lipid metabolism in HIV patients under treatment with protease inhibitors.","volume":"13","author":"G Behrens","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0947fje","article-title":"Human adipose cells express CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 [corrected] receptors: a new target cell type for the immunodeficiency virus-1?","volume":"16","author":"U Hazan","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01455-06","article-title":"Adipocyte, adipose tissue, and infectious disease.","volume":"75","author":"MS Desruisseaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.12.003","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates HIV-1 production in primary culture of human adipocytes.","volume":"304","author":"T Maurin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"The Perfect Storm: Obesity, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Metabolic Consequences.","author":"FS de","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Chem"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319451","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.","volume":"112","author":"H Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.140","article-title":"Impact of genetic polymorphisms on the risk of lipid disorders in patients on anti-HIV therapy.","volume":"45","author":"E Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0580","article-title":"Minireview: The adipocyte\u2013at the crossroads of energy homeostasis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.","volume":"144","author":"MW Rajala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.3.7364","article-title":"Reduced body weight, adipose tissue, and leptin levels despite increased energy intake in female mice lacking acylation-stimulating protein.","volume":"141","author":"I Murray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.795","article-title":"Adipocytokines and VLDL metabolism: independent regulatory effects of adiponectin, insulin resistance, and fat compartments on VLDL apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics?","volume":"54","author":"TW Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241320298","article-title":"Plasma membrane rafts play a critical role in HIV-1 assembly and release.","volume":"98","author":"A Ono","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1089\/088922201300343690","article-title":"Lipid rafts and HIV pathogenesis: host membrane cholesterol is required for infection by HIV type 1.","volume":"17","author":"Z Liao","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.13.3304","article-title":"CD40 signaling in human dendritic cells is initiated within membrane rafts.","volume":"19","author":"PO Vidalain","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32814a57db","article-title":"Lipids in the heart: a source of fuel and a source of toxins.","volume":"18","author":"TS Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307847100","article-title":"Lipid-protein interactions: Biosynthetic assembly of CD1 with lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum is evolutionarily conserved.","volume":"101","author":"JJ Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1631","article-title":"The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production.","volume":"9","author":"Y Miyanari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511136103","article-title":"The HIV lipidome: a raft with an unusual composition.","volume":"103","author":"B Brugger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3281ec5113","article-title":"Molecular regulation of macrophage reverse cholesterol transport.","volume":"22","author":"X Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40761-8","article-title":"Apolipoproteins, membrane cholesterol domains, and the regulation of cholesterol efflux.","volume":"33","author":"GH Rothblat","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040365","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus impairs reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages.","volume":"4","author":"Z Mujawar","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS. Biol"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.","volume":"74","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32814db8b7","article-title":"Contribution of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 13 genes to dyslipidemia associated with antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"17","author":"M Arnedo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genomics"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350601100610","article-title":"HIV-1 infection alters gene expression in adipose tissue, which contributes to HIV- 1\/HAART-associated lipodystrophy.","volume":"11","author":"M Giralt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030085","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy and dyslipidaemia: unlocking the code.","volume":"3","author":"PW Mallon","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS. Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6404","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6404","article-title":"Cytoskeletal protein transformation in HIV-1-infected macrophage giant cells.","volume":"178","author":"I Kadiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.1.35","article-title":"Biomarker discovery in infectious diseases using SELDI.","volume":"2","author":"A Hodgetts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future. Microbiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200700306","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the cellular responses induced in uninfected immune cells by cell-expressed X4 HIV-1 envelope.","volume":"7","author":"L Molina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.08.004","article-title":"CSF proteomic fingerprints for HIV-associated cognitive impairment.","volume":"192","author":"JP Laspiur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7571","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00288-07","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected CD4+ cell proteome: dysregulated cell cycle progression and nuclear transport coincide with robust virus production.","volume":"81","author":"EY Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01819-07","article-title":"Proteomic studies reveal coordinated changes in T-cell expression patterns upon infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"82","author":"JH Ringrose","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(86)90465-4","article-title":"Cell killing by ultraviolet-inactivated human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"154","author":"S Rasheed","year":"1986","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13376","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.13376-13388.2003","article-title":"Improved coreceptor usage prediction and genotypic monitoring of R5-to-X4 transition by motif analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env V3 loop sequences.","volume":"77","author":"MA Jensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80158-0","article-title":"Human complement proteins C3b, C4b, factor H and properdin react with specific sites in gp120 and gp41, the envelope proteins of HIV-1.","volume":"193","author":"H Stoiber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1800115.x","article-title":"The supportive role of complement in HIV pathogenesis.","volume":"180:168-76.","author":"H Stoiber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2329.bloodjournal8762329","article-title":"Identification of complement activation sites in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 glycoprotein gp120.","volume":"87","author":"C Susal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19429","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.19429","article-title":"Genetic deficiency of acylation stimulating protein (ASP(C3ades-Arg)) does not cause hyperapobetalipoproteinemia in mice.","volume":"274","author":"RA Wetsel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Lipid Droplets in Lipogenesis and Lipolysis.","author":"NA Ducharme","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(82)90059-5","article-title":"Early effect of myo-inositol deficiency on fatty acid synthetic enzymes of rat liver.","volume":"711","author":"DC Beach","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)30110-3","article-title":"Suppression of fatty acid synthase promoter by polyunsaturated fatty acids.","volume":"43","author":"YS Moon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"392","article-title":"Complement C3 and C4 in plasma and incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke: a population-based cohort study. Eur. J. Cardiovasc.","volume":"14","author":"G Engstrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prev. Rehabil"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-06-0384","article-title":"Complement C3 and C-reactive protein levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease.","volume":"94","author":"R Ajjan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advenzreg.2005.02.006","article-title":"Emerging roles of phosphatidylinositol monophosphates in cellular signaling and trafficking.","volume":"45:201-14","author":"C Pendaries","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Enzyme Regul"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9907","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.15.9907","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases, a Multifaceted Family of Signaling Enzymes.","volume":"274","author":"RA Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.3.1078.003k16_1078_1085","article-title":"Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase localizes to cytoplasmic lipid bodies in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other myeloid-derived cells.","volume":"95","author":"W Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.11.5080-5087.2004","article-title":"Increased Insulin Sensitivity and Reduced Adiposity in Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate 4-Kinase {beta}-\/- Mice.","volume":"24","author":"KA Lamia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.7.1070","article-title":"Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase Is the Mediator of Body Selenium To Protect against Paraquat Lethality in Transgenic Mice.","volume":"128","author":"WH Cheng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.173","article-title":"Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and selenium status in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults.","volume":"85","author":"CB Stephensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520270109","article-title":"Functional studies of an HIV-1 encoded glutathione peroxidase.","volume":"27","author":"L Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.664250","article-title":"Lack of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 accelerates atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.","volume":"115","author":"P Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2006.06.003","article-title":"Malondialdehyde, a major endogenous lipid peroxidation product, sensitizes human cells to UV- and BPDE-induced killing and mutagenesis through inhibition of nucleotide excision repair.","volume":"601","author":"Z Feng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mutat. Res"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8852","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308096101","article-title":"Development of insulin resistance and obesity in mice overexpressing cellular glutathione peroxidase.","volume":"101","author":"JP McClung","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15407","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.22.15407","article-title":"Role of protein kinase C isoforms in phorbol ester-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human glioblastoma cells.","volume":"274","author":"SC Shih","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9320","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9320","article-title":"Targeted overexpression of protein kinase C beta2 isoform in myocardium causes cardiomyopathy.","volume":"94","author":"H Wakasaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041570306","article-title":"Lipid synthesis and secretion by primary cultures of rat mammary epithelial cells.","volume":"157","author":"EM Rohlfs","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0742-3071.2001.00638.x","article-title":"Protein kinase C and the development of diabetic vascular complications.","volume":"18","author":"KJ Way","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabet. Med"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.6.909","article-title":"Eosinophil lipid bodies: specific, inducible intracellular sites for enhanced eicosanoid formation.","volume":"186","author":"PT Bozza","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E737","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00112.2006","article-title":"Overexpression of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 increases lipid deposition in hepatic (HepG2) cells and rodent liver in vivo.","volume":"291","author":"HA Parkes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.01.005","article-title":"Fatty acid transport by vectorial acylation in mammals: roles played by different isoforms of rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases.","volume":"447","author":"F Tong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3020363","article-title":"Purification and characterization of the human epidermal fatty acid-binding protein: localization during epidermal cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro.","volume":"302","author":"G Siegenthaler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200227-JLR200","article-title":"Increased lipolysis in transgenic animals overexpressing the epithelial fatty acid binding protein in adipose cells.","volume":"43","author":"AV Hertzel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000154280.62072.fd","article-title":"LDL receptor-related protein and the vascular wall: implications for atherothrombosis.","volume":"25","author":"V Llorente-Cortes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701214881","article-title":"The LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) family: an old family of proteins with new physiological functions.","volume":"39","author":"P May","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Med"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85223-7","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipase induces catabolism of normal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins via the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein\/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor in vitro. A process facilitated by cell-surface proteoglycans.","volume":"268","author":"DA Chappell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.10.017","article-title":"Tissue factor induction by aggregated LDL depends on LDL receptor-related protein expression (LRP1) and Rho A translocation in human vascular smooth muscle cells.","volume":"73","author":"S Camino-Lopez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700039-JLR200","article-title":"Adipocyte differentiation-related protein is induced by LRP1-mediated aggregated LDL internalization in human vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages.","volume":"48","author":"V Llorente-Cortes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.02.020","article-title":"Sterol regulatory element binding proteins downregulate LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1) expression and LRP1-mediated aggregated LDL uptake by human macrophages.","volume":"74","author":"V Llorente-Cortes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.C500007-JLR200","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in unique VLDL receptor, LDL receptor, and LRP triple-deficient mice.","volume":"46","author":"SM Espirito Santo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36454","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105093200","article-title":"Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein is required for macrophage-mediated oxidation of low density lipoprotein by 12\/15-lipoxygenase.","volume":"276","author":"W Xu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200305010-00017","article-title":"Effect of protease inhibitors on apolipoprotein B levels and plasma lipid profile in HIV-1-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"33","author":"P Domingo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0085-3","article-title":"In treatment-naive and antiretroviral-treated subjects with HIV, reduced plasma adiponectin is associated with a reduced fractional clearance rate of VLDL, IDL and LDL apolipoprotein B-100.","volume":"49","author":"S Das","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051009","article-title":"Aggressive very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL lowering by gene transfer of the VLDL receptor combined with a low-fat diet regimen induces regression and reduces macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor-deficient mice.","volume":"168","author":"ED MacDougall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200104000-00008","article-title":"Very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion.","volume":"12","author":"GS Shelness","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1273","article-title":"Antiretroviral treatment reduces very-low-density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B fractional catabolic rate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with mild dyslipidemia.","volume":"90","author":"M Shahmanesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.035","article-title":"Mechanism of highly active anti-retroviral therapy-induced hyperlipidemia in HIV-infected individuals.","volume":"178","author":"A Carpentier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32065-4","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B metabolism and the distribution of VLDL and LDL subfractions.","volume":"41","author":"CJ Packard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01556.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B: a clinically important apolipoprotein which assembles atherogenic lipoproteins and promotes the development of atherosclerosis.","volume":"258","author":"SO Olofsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42643","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306920200","article-title":"The conversion of apoB100 low density lipoprotein\/high density lipoprotein particles to apoB100 very low density lipoproteins in response to oleic acid occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and not in the Golgi in McA RH7777 cells.","volume":"278","author":"J Yamaguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"1423","article-title":"The hypertriglyceridemia of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of low density lipoprotein subclass pattern B. J.","volume":"76","author":"KR Feingold","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. Metab"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-199510000-00007","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-I-containing lipoproteins and atherosclerosis.","volume":"6","author":"A Leroy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80830-N","article-title":"Degradation of human apolipoprotein B-100 by apolipoprotein(a).","volume":"336","author":"TM Chulkova","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90229-K","article-title":"Antiviral effects of apolipoprotein A-I and its synthetic amphipathic peptide analogs.","volume":"176","author":"RV Srinivas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref109","first-page":"24","article-title":"[Interaction of human apolipoprotein AI and HIV-1 envelope proteins with the native and recombinant CD4 receptors].","volume":"48","author":"LE Panin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vopr. Virusol"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1021\/pr060323f","article-title":"Different isoforms of apolipoprotein AI present heterologous post-translational expression in HIV infected patients.","volume":"6","author":"SS Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Proteome. Res"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/1869","article-title":"Crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with fatty acid reveals an asymmetric distribution of binding sites.","volume":"5","author":"S Curry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.111377","article-title":"Identification of high affinity fatty acid binding sites on human serum albumin by MM-PBSA method.","volume":"94","author":"S Fujiwara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biophys. J"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32129-5","article-title":"Albumin modifies the metabolism of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids via 12-lipoxygenase in human platelets.","volume":"40","author":"M Dadaian","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2006.05.016","article-title":"Fatty acids bound to human serum albumin and its structural variants modulate apolipoprotein B secretion in HepG2 cells.","volume":"1761","author":"JS Ha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.11.029","article-title":"The role of complement in the adherence of microbubbles to dysfunctional arterial endothelium and atherosclerotic plaque.","volume":"73","author":"DR Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10282","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0477891","article-title":"Acyl-coenzyme A binding protein expression alters liver fatty acyl-coenzyme A metabolism.","volume":"44","author":"H Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.37.23897","article-title":"Inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by expression of acyl-CoA-binding protein antisense RNA.","volume":"273","author":"S Mandrup","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700511","article-title":"Loss of the acyl-CoA binding protein (Acbp) results in fatty acid metabolism abnormalities in mouse hair and skin.","volume":"127","author":"L Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3150533","article-title":"The role of protein disulphide isomerase in the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein does not reside in its isomerase activity.","volume":"315","author":"A Lamberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. J"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90537-L","article-title":"Changes in growth properties on passage in tissue culture of viruses derived from infectious molecular clones of HIV-1LAI, HIV-1MAL, and HIV-1ELI.","volume":"185","author":"K Peden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/1357-2725(95)00120-4","article-title":"Cloning, expression and genomic organization of human placental protein disulfide isomerase (previously identified as phospholipase C alpha).","volume":"28","author":"DS Charnock-Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16267","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000446200","article-title":"Disulfide bonds are required for folding and secretion of apolipoprotein B regardless of its lipidation state.","volume":"275","author":"WL Burch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29945","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.47.29945","article-title":"A novel abetalipoproteinemia genotype. Identification of a missense mutation in the 97-kDa subunit of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that prevents complex formation with protein disulfide isomerase.","volume":"271","author":"EF Rehberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20548","article-title":"Expression of stress inducible protein 1 (Stip1) in the mouse testis.","volume":"73","author":"SC Mizrak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod Dev"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00905","article-title":"Nuclear translocation of the Hsp70\/Hsp90 organizing protein mSTI1 is regulated by cell cycle kinases.","volume":"117","author":"VM Longshaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31585","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204335200","article-title":"The turn motif is a phosphorylation switch that regulates the binding of Hsp70 to protein kinase C.","volume":"277","author":"T Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref127","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Enhanced expression of heat shock proteins in activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with sepsis.","volume":"51","author":"N Hashiguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35194","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.52.35194","article-title":"Hop as an adaptor in the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and hsp90 chaperone machinery.","volume":"273","author":"S Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.2.869","article-title":"Identification of a 60-kilodalton stress-related protein, p60, which interacts with hsp90 and hsp70.","volume":"13","author":"DF Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711168105","article-title":"From the Cover: HSP90 regulates cell survival via inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2.","volume":"105","author":"A Chakraborty","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"306","article-title":"Steroid receptor interactions with heat shock protein and immunophilin chaperones.","volume":"18","author":"WB Pratt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800053105","article-title":"HSP90\/70 chaperones are required for rapid nucleosome removal upon induction of the GAL genes of yeast.","volume":"105","author":"M Floer","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020322800201","article-title":"Regulation of signaling protein function and trafficking by the hsp90\/hsp70-based chaperone machinery.","volume":"228","author":"WB Pratt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Biol Med. (Maywood.)"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073051","article-title":"Disassembly of transcriptional regulatory complexes by molecular chaperones.","volume":"296","author":"BC Freeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(89)90240-9","article-title":"Progestins and androgens stimulate lipid accumulation in T47D breast cancer cells via their own receptors.","volume":"33","author":"M Chambon","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0646","article-title":"Differential expression of heat shock proteins in normal and failing human hearts.","volume":"30","author":"AA Knowlton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0902-103","article-title":"Impact of Switching Virologically Suppressed, HIV-1-Infected Patients from Twice-Daily Fixed-Dose Zidovudine\/Lamivudine to Once-Daily Fixed-Dose Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate\/Emtricitabine.","volume":"9","author":"D Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"HIV. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770701426203","article-title":"In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to Zidovudine and tenofovir.","volume":"26","author":"SS Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-3-14","article-title":"Is Melanoma a stem cell tumor? Identification of neurogenic proteins in trans-differentiated cells.","volume":"3","author":"S Rasheed","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0003003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T15:45:46Z","timestamp":1738338346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0003003"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Douglas F.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0003003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,20]]}}}