{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:15:44Z","timestamp":1774124144666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]],"date-time":"2009-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]],"date-time":"2009-01-16T23:40:08Z","timestamp":1232149208000},"page":"e4220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Impact of HIV Infection and CD4 Cell Count on the Performance of an Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Martine G.","family":"Aabye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pernille","family":"Ravn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"PrayGod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidola","family":"Jeremiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apolinary","family":"Mugomela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Faurholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyagosya","family":"Range","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Friis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Changalucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aase B.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00011","article-title":"Using tests for latent tuberculous infection to diagnose active tuberculosis: can we eat our cake and have it too?","volume":"148","author":"D Menzies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Comparative Performance of Tuberculin Skin Test, QuantiFERON-TB-Gold In Tube Assay, and T-Spot.TB Test in Contact Investigations for Tuberculosis.","author":"R Diel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00003","article-title":"Improved Diagnostic Evaluation of Suspected Tuberculosis.","volume":"148","author":"DPS Dosanjh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Prognostic Value of a T-Cell-Based, Interferon-\u03b3 Biomarker in Children with Tuberculosis Contact.","author":"M Bakir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.005","article-title":"A comparative study of two different methods for the detection of latent tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals in Chile.","volume":"12","author":"ME Balcells","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Interim Policy on Collaborative TB\/HIV activities","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00006","article-title":"Meta-analysis: New Tests for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Areas of Uncertainty and Recommendations for Research.","volume":"146","author":"D Menzies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Premarket Approval Database: Quantiferon-TB Gold In-tube","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Systematic Review: T-Cell-Based Assays for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: An Update.","author":"M Pai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1439OC","article-title":"Effect of HIV-1 Infection on T-Cell-based and Skin Test Detection of Tuberculosis Infection.","volume":"175","author":"MX Rangaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"776","article-title":"Comparison of an interferon-gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a TB-endemic population.","volume":"35","author":"LD Ponce de","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Utility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube testing for latent TB infection in HIV-infected individuals.","volume":"11","author":"S Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Comparison of an Interferon-\u03b3 Release Assay to Tuberculin Skin Testing in HIV-Infected Individuals.","author":"AF Luetkemeyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02411-05","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis and potential uses of a novel gamma interferon release assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis.","volume":"44","author":"SJ Tsiouris","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283188415","article-title":"Comparing QuantiFERON-tuberculosis gold, T-SPOT tuberculosis and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected individuals from a low prevalence tuberculosis country.","volume":"22","author":"C Stephan","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2489","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002489","article-title":"The effects of HIV on the sensitivity of a whole blood IFN-gamma release assay in Zambian adults with active tuberculosis.","volume":"3","author":"E Raby","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001441","article-title":"Sensitivity of IFN-\u03b3 Release Assay to Detect Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Retained in HIV-Infected Patients but Dependent on HIV\/AIDS Progression.","volume":"3","author":"F Karam","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03462.x","article-title":"Response to region of difference 1 (RD1) epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals enrolled with suspected active tuberculosis: a pilot study.","volume":"150","author":"D Vincenti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"417","article-title":"High level of discordant IGRA results in HIV-infected adults and children.","volume":"12","author":"AM Mandalakas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"725","article-title":"Basic characteristics of a novel diagnostic method (QuantiFERON TB-2G) for latent tuberculosis infection with the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens, ESAT-6 and CFP-10.","volume":"79","author":"N Harada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kekkaku"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0389","article-title":"Usefulness of the QuantiFERON TB-2G test for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"47","author":"Y Kobashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-6114-z","article-title":"Sensitivity of a whole-blood interferon-gamma assay among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and variations in T-cell responses during anti-tuberculosis treatment.","volume":"35","author":"M Pai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02403-07","article-title":"Comparison of sensitivities of two commercial gamma interferon release assays for pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"46","author":"CB Chee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1850","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001850","article-title":"T-cell assays for tuberculosis infection: deriving cut-offs for conversions using reproducibility data.","volume":"3","author":"A Veerapathran","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00026-08","article-title":"Enhancement of diagnostic efficiency by a gamma interferon release assay for pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"15","author":"KA Kanunfre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-56","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis in HIV positive, diagnosed by the M. tuberculosis specific interferon-gamma test.","volume":"7","author":"I Brock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1086\/521107","article-title":"Prospective Comparison of the Tuberculin Skin Test and 2 Whole Blood Interferon-\u03b3 Release Assays in Persons with Suspected Tuberculosis.","volume":"45","author":"G Mazurek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1086\/381763","article-title":"Counting antigen-specific T cells: a new approach for monitoring response to tuberculosis treatment?","volume":"38","author":"A Lalvani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1086\/381754","article-title":"Use of a T cell-based assay for monitoring efficacy of antituberculosis therapy.","volume":"38","author":"S Carrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-66","article-title":"Reversion of the ELISPOT test after treatment in Gambian tuberculosis cases.","volume":"6","author":"AM Aiken","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5217","article-title":"Direct ex vivo analysis of antigen-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4 T cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected individuals: associations with clinical disease state and effect of treatment.","volume":"167","author":"AA Pathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1086\/318081","article-title":"Enumeration of T cells specific for RD1-encoded antigens suggests a high prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in healthy urban Indians.","volume":"183","author":"A Lalvani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1783OC","article-title":"Dynamic antigen-specific T-cell responses after point-source exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"174","author":"K Ewer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"942","article-title":"Clinical and radiological presentation of 340 adults with smear-positive tuberculosis in The Gambia.","volume":"7","author":"G Rathman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01780-07","article-title":"Cavitary disease and quantitative sputum bacillary load in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"45","author":"M Palaci","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-465OC","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis by bronchoalveolar lavage enzyme-linked immunospot.","volume":"174","author":"C Jafari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00096707","article-title":"Local immunodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunospot.","volume":"31","author":"C Jafari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.051606","article-title":"Risk for tuberculosis among children.","volume":"12","author":"H Nakaoka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.02.021","article-title":"IP-10\/CXCL10 release is induced by incubation of whole blood from tuberculosis patients with ESAT-6, CFP10 and TB7.7.","volume":"9","author":"M Ruhwald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Country Profile: United Republic of Tanzania","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X176373","article-title":"HIV and parasitic co-infections in tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in Mwanza, Tanzania.","volume":"101","author":"N Range","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines for National Programmes","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"909","article-title":"Bacteriological follow-up of tuberculosis treatment: a comparative study of smear microscopy and culture results at the second month of treatment.","volume":"6","author":"H Ramarokoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T23:13:01Z","timestamp":1588979581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004220"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Marais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004220","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]]}}}