{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:43:56Z","timestamp":1781844236175,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]],"date-time":"2009-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T18:32:29Z","timestamp":1232735549000},"page":"e4270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Histo-Blood Group Gene Polymorphisms as Potential Genetic Modifiers of Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Severity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Taylor-Cousar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maimoona A.","family":"Zariwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauranell H.","family":"Burch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda G.","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell L.","family":"Drumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hollin","family":"Calloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent W.","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Gene Modifier Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10041","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis: a worldwide analysis of CFTR mutations\u2013correlation with incidence data and application to screening.","volume":"19","author":"JL Bobadilla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2772657","article-title":"Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA.","volume":"245","author":"RJ Riordan JR","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.6.080604.162254","article-title":"Modifier genetics: cystic fibrosis.","volume":"6","author":"GR Cutting","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200605-129JG","article-title":"Strategies for identifying modifier genes in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"4","author":"MP Boyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215217","article-title":"Mucus clearance as a primary innate defense mechanism for mammalian airways.","volume":"109","author":"MR Knowles","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-505SO","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"168","author":"RL Gibson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.5.581","article-title":"Longitudinal development of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and lung disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"293","author":"Z Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2007.12.002","article-title":"The role of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"7","author":"D Wat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412273112602","article-title":"Association of respiratory viral infections with pulmonary deterioration in patients with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"311","author":"EE Wang","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(01)01321-9","article-title":"ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens, a model for the meaning of oligosaccharide diversity in the face of a changing world.","volume":"83","author":"S Marionneau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003480001008995","article-title":"Sequence variation at the human ABO locus.","volume":"66","author":"SP Yip","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1086\/375742","article-title":"Noroviruses bind to human ABO, Lewis, and secretor histo-blood group antigens: identification of 4 distinct strain-specific patterns.","volume":"188","author":"P Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1086\/432546","article-title":"Influence of the combined ABO, FUT2, and FUT3 polymorphism on susceptibility to Norwalk virus attachment.","volume":"192","author":"S Marionneau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1994.tb00458.x","article-title":"Isolation of an adhesin from Staphylococcus aureus that binds Lewis a blood group antigen and its relevance to sudden infant death syndrome.","volume":"8","author":"AT Saadi","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.05.004","article-title":"Interactions of the fucose-specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin, PA-IIL, with mammalian glycoconjugates bearing polyvalent Lewis(a) and ABH blood group glycotopes.","volume":"88","author":"AM Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112898","article-title":"Is ABH nonsecretor status a risk factor for obstructive lung disease?","volume":"111","author":"BH Cohen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542166","article-title":"Associations of blood group-related antigens to FEV1, wheezing, and asthma.","volume":"153","author":"F Kauffmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.99109101","article-title":"ABO\/Secretor genetic complex and susceptibility to asthma in childhood.","volume":"17","author":"F Ronchetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051469","article-title":"Genetic modifiers of lung disease in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"353","author":"ML Drumm","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200512-1919OC","article-title":"Classifying severity of cystic fibrosis lung disease using longitudinal pulmonary function data.","volume":"174","author":"MD Schluchter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40070856.x","article-title":"Secretor genotyping for A385T, G428A, C571T, C628T, 685delTGG, G849A, and other mutations from a single PCR.","volume":"40","author":"L Svensson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00682.x","article-title":"Genetic background of Lewis negative blood group phenotype and its association with atherosclerotic disease in the NHLBI family heart study.","volume":"247","author":"V Salomaa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20112","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.34.20112","article-title":"Expression of human chromosome 19p alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase genes in normal tissues. Alternative splicing, polyadenylation, and isoforms.","volume":"270","author":"HS Cameron","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050760","article-title":"Five novel missense mutations of the Lewis gene (FUT3) in African (Xhosa) and Caucasian populations in South Africa.","volume":"102","author":"H Pang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practice;","author":"D Harmening","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref27"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32260","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.50.32260","article-title":"Influence of Lewis alpha1-3\/4-L-fucosyltransferase (FUT3) gene mutations on enzyme activity, erythrocyte phenotyping, and circulating tumor marker sialyl-Lewis a levels.","volume":"271","author":"TF Orntoft","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020815205022","article-title":"Terminal glycosylation in cystic fibrosis (CF): a review emphasizing the airway epithelial cell.","volume":"18","author":"AD Rhim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"A332","article-title":"Age of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection and Severity of Adult Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis.","volume":"43","author":"CH Pittman J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Pulmonology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2003.00028.x","article-title":"The phenotypic consequences of CFTR mutations.","volume":"67","author":"RK Rowntree","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011293232203","article-title":"The relation between genotype and phenotype in cystic fibrosis\u2013analysis of the most common mutation (delta F508).","volume":"323","author":"E Kerem","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1164OC","article-title":"Heritability of lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"175","author":"LL Vanscoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Early pulmonary inflammation in infants with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"151","author":"TZ Khan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"381","article-title":"ABH secretor status in cystic fibrosis\u2013a negative report.","volume":"67","author":"EF Haponik","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240100645","article-title":"Altered sialyl- and fucosyl-linkage on mucins in cystic fibrosis patients promotes formation of the sialyl-Lewis X determinant on salivary MUC-5B and MUC-7.","volume":"443","author":"DK Shori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107891","article-title":"Longitudinal relationship among growth, nutritional status, and pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis: analysis of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation National CF Patient Registry.","volume":"137","author":"BS Zemel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.3019","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis epithelial cells have a receptor for pathogenic bacteria on their apical surface.","volume":"92","author":"L Imundo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/4.3.307","article-title":"Differential binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to normal and cystic fibrosis tracheobronchial mucins.","volume":"4","author":"N Devaraj","year":"1994","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/9.3.323","article-title":"Altered carbohydrate composition of salivary mucins from patients with cystic fibrosis and the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","volume":"9","author":"C Carnoy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.10.2364-2369.1987","article-title":"Role of sialic acid in saliva-mediated aggregation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.","volume":"55","author":"K Komiyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0570445","article-title":"Study of the oligosaccharide units from mucus glycoproteins of meconium from normal infants and from cases of cystic fibrosis with meconium ileus.","volume":"57","author":"JR Clamp","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.12.1014","article-title":"Abnormal fucosylation of ileal mucus in cystic fibrosis: I. A histochemical study using peroxidase labelled lectins.","volume":"43","author":"S Thiru","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020371","article-title":"Intestinal mucins from cystic fibrosis mice show increased fucosylation due to an induced Fucalpha1-2 glycosyltransferase.","volume":"367","author":"KA Thomsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"226","article-title":"Lewis and secretor genotypes modify the phenotype in patients with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"34","author":"A Elmgren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatric Pulmonology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn123","article-title":"Interaction between a novel TGFB1 haplotype and CFTR genotype is associated with improved lung function in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"17","author":"LA Bremer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T21:06:08Z","timestamp":1589490368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004270"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amanda Ewart","family":"Toland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0004270","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]]}}}