{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T20:07:12Z","timestamp":1694635632847},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]],"date-time":"2009-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241568000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]],"date-time":"2009-05-05T20:47:58Z","timestamp":1241556478000},"page":"e5454","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case-Control Approach to Identify Plasmodium falciparum Polymorphisms Associated with Severe Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Watcharee","family":"Chokejindachai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl027","article-title":"The burden of malaria mortality among African children in the year 2000.","volume":"35","author":"AK Rowe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"385","article-title":"The epidemiology of patients with severe malaria who died at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 1991\u20132004.","volume":"36","author":"S Vannaphan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500078102","article-title":"Virulence and competitive ability in genetically diverse malaria infections.","volume":"102","author":"JC de Roode","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Single amino acid substitution in <italic>Plasmodium yoelii<\/italic> erythrocyte ligand determines its localization and controls parasite virulence.","author":"H Otsuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, epub ahead of print"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Gene encoding erythrocyte binding ligand linked to blood stage multiplication rate phenotype in <italic>Plasmodium yoelii yoelii<\/italic>.","author":"S Pattaradilokrat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, epub ahead of print"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1414","article-title":"Virulence in malaria: an evolutionary viewpoint.","volume":"359","author":"MJ Mackinnon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1086\/322012","article-title":"Association of severe malaria with a specific <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> genotype in French Guiana.","volume":"184","author":"F Ariey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90979-8","article-title":"Merozoite surface antigen 1 and 2 genotypes and rosetting of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> in severe and mild malaria in Lambarene, Gabon.","volume":"92","author":"JF Kun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1995.1096","article-title":"<italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>: malaria morbidity is associated with specific merozoite surface antigen 2 genotypes.","volume":"81","author":"F Engelbrecht","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90446-0","article-title":"Extensive genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected from patients with severe malaria in Dakar, Senegal.","volume":"90","author":"F Robert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-11","article-title":"Allelic dimorphism of the erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (eba-175) gene of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> and severe malaria: Significant association of the C-segment with fatal outcome in Ghanaian children.","volume":"3","author":"JP Cramer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.4.1.7","article-title":"Imbalanced distribution of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> EBA-175 genotypes related to clinical status in children from Bakoumba, Gabon.","volume":"4","author":"FS Toure","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X252340","article-title":"Complexity of the msp2 locus and the severity of childhood malaria, in south-western Nigeria.","volume":"102","author":"OK Amodu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15835","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610485104","article-title":"PfEMP1-DBL1alpha amino acid motifs in severe disease states of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> malaria.","volume":"104","author":"J Normark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06248.x","article-title":"<italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> antigenic variation. Mapping mosaic <italic>var<\/italic> gene sequences onto a network of shared, highly polymorphic sequence blocks.","volume":"68","author":"PC Bull","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5443.1351","article-title":"A genetic map and recombination parameters of the human malaria parasite <italic>P. falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"286","author":"X.-Z Su","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1930","article-title":"A genome-wide map of diversity in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"39","author":"SK Volkman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1931","article-title":"Genome variation and evolution of the malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"39","author":"DC Jeffares","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1924","article-title":"Genome-wide variation and identification of vaccine targets in the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> genome.","volume":"39","author":"J Mu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2126","article-title":"Genetic linkage and association analyses for trait mapping in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"8","author":"X Su","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247","article-title":"Microsatellites reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"17","author":"TJC Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4506","article-title":"High recombination rate in natural populations of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"96","author":"DJ Conway","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/165.2.555","article-title":"Allele frequency based analyses robustly identify sites under balancing selection in a malaria vaccine candidate antigen.","volume":"165","author":"SD Polley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1086\/424601","article-title":"Genetic structure of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> populations in the Brazilian Amazon region.","volume":"190","author":"RL Machado","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1086\/429338","article-title":"Fragmented population structure of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> in a region of declining endemicity.","volume":"191","author":"TG Anthony","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17388","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508871102","article-title":"\u201cClonal\u201d population structure of the malaria agent <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> in high-infection regions.","volume":"102","author":"FG Razakandrainibe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1734","article-title":"Recombination hotspots and population structure in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"3","author":"J Mu","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67176-0","article-title":"Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial.","volume":"366","author":"A Dondorp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.006","article-title":"Invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites.","volume":"124","author":"AF Cowman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004552","article-title":"Twelve microsatellite markers for characterisation of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> from finger prick blood samples.","volume":"119","author":"TJC Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.9.847","article-title":"Lian 3.0: detecting linkage disequilibrium in multilocus data.","volume":"16","author":"B Haubold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01097","article-title":"Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"419","author":"MJ Gardner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.05.010","article-title":"Contrasting signatures of selection on the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> erythrocyte binding antigen gene family.","volume":"149","author":"F Verra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/163.4.1327","article-title":"Evidence for diversifying selection on erythrocyte-binding antigens of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> and <italic>P. vivax<\/italic>.","volume":"163","author":"J Baum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R171","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-12-r171","article-title":"Genome-wide SNP genotyping highlights the role of natural selection in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> population divergence.","volume":"9","author":"DE Neafsey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00069-4","article-title":"Allelic recombination and linkage disequilibrium within Msp-1 of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>, the malignant human malaria parasite.","volume":"230","author":"N Sakihama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005043480943","article-title":"Mapping drug resistance genes in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> by genome-wide association.","volume":"4","author":"TJC Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi177","article-title":"Reduced variation around drug-resistant dhfr alleles in African <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"22","author":"R Pearce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00813","article-title":"Genetic diversity and chloroquine selective sweeps in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"418","author":"JC Wootton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05911","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls.","volume":"447","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07632","article-title":"A global network for investigating the genomic epidemiology of malaria.","volume":"456","author":"M Consortium","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.033","article-title":"Structural basis for the EBA-175 erythrocyte invasion pathway of the malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>.","volume":"122","author":"NH Tolia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.666","article-title":"Dramatic difference in diversity between <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> and <italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/italic> reticulocyte binding-like genes.","volume":"72","author":"JC Rayner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000104","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000104","article-title":"Antibodies targeting the PfRH1 binding domain inhibit invasion of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> merozoites.","volume":"4","author":"X Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020750","article-title":"Polymorphism in a <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> erythrocyte-binding ligand changes its receptor specificity.","volume":"196","author":"DCG Mayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307318101","article-title":"Polymorphism in the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> erythrocyte-binding ligand JESEBL\/EBA-181 alters its receptor specificity.","volume":"101","author":"DCG Mayer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5886","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5886-5891.2004","article-title":"Invasion profiles of Brazilian field isolates of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>: phenotypic and genotypic analyses.","volume":"72","author":"CA Lobo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00122-07","article-title":"Molecular analysis of erythrocyte invasion in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> isolates from Senegal.","volume":"75","author":"CV Jennings","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.05.011","article-title":"Associations between defined polymorphic variants in the PfRH ligand family and the invasion pathways used by <italic>P. falciparum<\/italic> field isolates from Brazil.","volume":"149","author":"CA Lobo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.10.004","article-title":"Upregulation of expression of the reticulocyte homology gene 4 in the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> clone Dd2 is associated with a switch in the erythrocyte invasion pathway.","volume":"145","author":"D Gaur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115257","article-title":"Molecular mechanism for switching of <italic>P. falciparum<\/italic> invasion pathways into human erythrocytes.","volume":"309","author":"J Stubbs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.06.001","article-title":"Erythrocyte binding protein PfRH5 polymorphisms determine species-specific pathways of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> invasion.","volume":"4","author":"K Hayton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005454","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:06:12Z","timestamp":1633392372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005454"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aric","family":"Gregson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,6]]}}}