{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:06:47Z","timestamp":1791198407578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,25]],"date-time":"2009-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T22:02:45Z","timestamp":1243029765000},"page":"e5692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Immunological Interactions between 2 Common Pathogens, Th1-Inducing Protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the Th2-Inducing Helminth Fasciola hepatica"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Catherine M. D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan J.","family":"Ikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola R.","family":"Boulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01975-5","article-title":"Th1- and Th2-cell commitment during infectious disease: asymmetry in divergent pathways.","volume":"22","author":"D Jankovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Immunology of <italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> infection.","author":"G Mulcahy","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00290.x","article-title":"<italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> infection downregulates Th1 responses in mice.","volume":"22","author":"S O' Neill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5372","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5372-5378.1999","article-title":"<italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> suppresses a protective Th1 response against <italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/italic>.","volume":"67","author":"MT Brady","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00411.x","article-title":"<italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> cathepsin L cysteine proteinase suppresses <italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/italic>-specific interferon-\u03b3 production in vivo.","volume":"23","author":"S O'Neill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.166-173.2005","article-title":"Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by <italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> induces the alternative activation of macrophages.","volume":"73","author":"S Donnelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3656-3664.2002","article-title":"Chronic helminth infection induces alternatively activated macrophages expressing high levels of CCR5 with low interleukin-12 production and Th2 biasing ability.","volume":"70","author":"M Rodriguez-Sosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis.","volume":"363","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1547","article-title":"Host persistence: Exploitation of anti-inflammatory pathways by <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>.","volume":"5","author":"J Aliberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.6.2533","article-title":"Parasite-induced IL-12 stimulates early IFN-\u03b3 synthesis and resistance during acute infection with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>.","volume":"153","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3686","article-title":"Production of IL-12 by macrophages infected with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> depends on the parasite genotype.","volume":"172","author":"PM Robben","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Prevention of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients Clin Microbiol.","author":"F Derouin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Nov 15 Epub"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050352","article-title":"Nitric oxide biosynthesis, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and arginase competition for L-arginine utilization.","volume":"55","author":"JL Boucher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(200004)30:4<1127::AID-IMMU1127>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells recruited by <italic>Brugia malayi<\/italic> induce Th2 differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells.","volume":"30","author":"P Loke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00466.x","article-title":"Chemokine responses in schistosomal antigen-elicited granuloma formation.","volume":"24","author":"BC Chiu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.3.1411","article-title":"Alternative macrophage activation-associated CC-chemokine-1, a novel structural homologue of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha with a Th2-associated expression pattern.","volume":"160","author":"V Kodelja","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.6286","article-title":"Involvement of CCL18 in allergic asthma.","volume":"176","author":"P De Nadai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.7.3843","article-title":"Unique regulation of CCL18 production by maturing dendritic cells.","volume":"170","author":"M Vulcano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1451","article-title":"Memory T(H)2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasites.","volume":"12","author":"RM Anthony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.3812-3822.2004","article-title":"Infection with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> reduces established and developing Th2 responses induced by <italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/italic> infection.","volume":"72","author":"O Liesenfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1454-1462.2001","article-title":"Interleukin-12 promotes pathologic liver changes and death in mice coinfected with <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>.","volume":"69","author":"MI Araujo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4939-4944.1999","article-title":"Coinfection with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> inhibits antigen-specific Th2 immune responses, tissue inflammation, and parasitism in BALB\/c mice infected with <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>.","volume":"67","author":"HC Santiago","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3329","article-title":"Coinfection modulates inflammatory responses and clinical outcome of <italic>Helicobacter felis<\/italic> and <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> infections.","volume":"73","author":"C Stoicov","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2991-2995.1998","article-title":"Acute and chronic phases of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> infection in mice modulate the host immune responses.","volume":"66","author":"TD Nguyen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.4.2089","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> and <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> synergise to promote hepatocyte dysfunction associated with high levels of plasma TNF-\u03b1 and early death in C57BL\/6 mice.","volume":"163","author":"AJ Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00090-X","article-title":"Nitric oxide in parasitic infections.","volume":"1","author":"LR Brunet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunopharm"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00300.x","article-title":"Juvenile <italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> are resistant to killing <italic>in vitro<\/italic> by free radicals compared with larvae of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>.","volume":"22","author":"D Piedrafita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.01.010","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: inconsistent dissemination patterns following oral infection in mice.","volume":"116","author":"JP Boyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01228-06","article-title":"Infection with <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> bradyzoites has a diminished impact on host transcript levels relative to tachyzoite infection.","volume":"75","author":"AE Fouts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(02)00225-0","article-title":"Macrophages in chronic type 2 inflammation have a novel phenotype characterized by the abundant expression of<italic>Ym<\/italic>1 and <italic>Fizz<\/italic>1 that can be partly replicated in vitro.","volume":"85","author":"MG Nair","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol Letts"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-11-952","article-title":"Antigenic characteristion of a novel <italic>Streptococcus anginosus<\/italic> antigen that induces nitric oxide synthesis by murine peritoneal exudate cells.","volume":"50","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.03.006","article-title":"Reduction in transplacental transmission of <italic>Neospora caninum<\/italic> in outbred mice by vaccination.","volume":"35","author":"C Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(93)90020-G","article-title":"ELISAs for parasitologists: or lies, damned lies and ELISAs.","volume":"9","author":"P Venkatesan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitology Today"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00118-1","article-title":"The production of a 70 kDa heat shock protein by <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> RH strain in immunocompromised mice.","volume":"30","author":"CMD Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T08:51:43Z","timestamp":1685004703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005692"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mauricio Martins","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005692","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,25]]}}}