{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:10:21Z","timestamp":1775545821978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,24]],"date-time":"2009-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]],"date-time":"2009-08-21T22:42:08Z","timestamp":1250894528000},"page":"e6686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Recent Tuberculosis Infection in Health Care Workers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Irma","family":"Casas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Latorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Esteve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ruiz-Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Prat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignasi","family":"Garc\u00eda-Oliv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Lacoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Ausina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1086\/502141","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculin skin test positivity and conversions among healthcare workers in New York City during 1994 to 2001.","volume":"24","author":"S Cook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing the transmission of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> in health-care settings, 2005.","volume":"54","author":"PA Jensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"441","article-title":"[SEPAR guidelines. Guidelines for tuberculosis prevention].","volume":"38","author":"R Vidal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp021045","article-title":"Clinical practice. Latent tuberculosis infection.","volume":"347","author":"RM Jasmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.968","article-title":"The tuberculin skin test.","volume":"17","author":"RE Huebner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02742-2","article-title":"Specific immune-based diagnosis of tuberculosis.","volume":"356","author":"P Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2379-2387.2004","article-title":"Specific T-cell epitopes for immunoassay-based diagnosis of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> infection.","volume":"42","author":"I Brock","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.048033","article-title":"Performance of a whole blood interferon gamma assay for detecting latent infection with <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> in children.","volume":"61","author":"TG Connell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00364-07","article-title":"Comparison of two commercially available gamma interferon blood tests for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis.","volume":"15","author":"J Dominguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12950-9","article-title":"Comparison of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> infection in a school tuberculosis outbreak.","volume":"361","author":"K Ewer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68579-6","article-title":"Use in routine clinical practice of two commercial blood tests for diagnosis of infection with <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>: a prospective study.","volume":"367","author":"G Ferrara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003417","article-title":"Accuracy of immunodiagnostic tests for active tuberculosis using single and combined results: a multicenter TBNET-Study.","volume":"3","author":"D Goletti","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1086\/318081","article-title":"Enumeration of T cells specific for RD1-encoded antigens suggests a high prevalence of latent <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> infection in healthy urban Indians.","volume":"183","author":"A Lalvani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05115-1","article-title":"Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells.","volume":"357","author":"A Lalvani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.09.20","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-release assays to diagnose TB infection in immunocompromised individual.","volume":"3","author":"J Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Resp Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.4.491-496.2005","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a whole-blood test using <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 for diagnosis of active tuberculosis.","volume":"12","author":"P Ravn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.09.010","article-title":"T-cell responses to the <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>-specific antigens in active tuberculosis patients at the beginning, during, and after antituberculosis treatment.","volume":"63","author":"J Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-9-200405040-00010","article-title":"Early diagnosis of subclinical multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"140","author":"L Richeldi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67534-4","article-title":"Effect of BCG vaccination on risk of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> infection in children with household tuberculosis contact: a prospective community-based study.","volume":"366","author":"A Soysal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1613OC","article-title":"Predictive value of a whole-blood IFN-gamma assay for the development of active TB disease.","volume":"177","author":"R Diel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-11-200812020-00248","article-title":"Prognostic value of a T-cell-based, interferon-gamma biomarker in children with tuberculosis contact.","volume":"149","author":"M Bakir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e.1379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001379","article-title":"Incidence of tuberculosis and the predictive value of ELISPOT and Mantoux tests in Gambian case contacts.","volume":"3","author":"PC Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.22.2746","article-title":"<italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> infection in health care workers in rural India: comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing.","volume":"293","author":"M Pai","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1086\/504358","article-title":"Screening for tuberculosis infection using whole-blood interferon-gamma and Mantoux testing among Japanese healthcare workers.","volume":"27","author":"N Harada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-472OC","article-title":"Serial testing of health care workers for tuberculosis using interferon-gamma assay.","volume":"174","author":"M Pai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540601148483","article-title":"Detecting a low prevalence of latent tuberculosis among health care workers in Denmark detected by <italic>M. tuberculosis<\/italic> specific IFN-gamma whole-blood test.","volume":"39","author":"B Soborg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-007-0212-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the interferon-gamma release assay in healthcare workers.","volume":"81","author":"A Nienhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1086\/590262","article-title":"Discordant QuantiFERON-TB Gold test results among US healthcare workers with increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection: a problem or solution?","volume":"29","author":"NR Pollock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5217","article-title":"Direct ex vivo analysis of antigen-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4 T cells in <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>-infected individuals: associations with clinical disease state and effect of treatment.","volume":"167","author":"AA Pathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.02.005","article-title":"Interpretation of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> antigen-specific IFN-gamma release assays (T-SPOT.TB) and factors that may modulate test results.","volume":"55","author":"K Dheda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nri778","article-title":"Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development.","volume":"2","author":"S Kaech","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Programa de prevenci\u00f3 i control de la tuberculosi de Catalunya.","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"431","article-title":"[Prevention of tuberculosis in care settings].","volume":"22","author":"P Fraisse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1157\/13126836","article-title":"SEPAR Guidelines. Diagnostic and treatment of tuberculosis.","volume":"44","author":"J Ruiz-Manzano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"394","article-title":"The use of repeat skin tests to eliminate the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing.","volume":"123","author":"JA Bass Jr","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1086\/507427","article-title":"Region of difference 1 antigen-specific CD4+ memory T cells correlate with a favorable outcome of tuberculosis.","volume":"194","author":"D Goletti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00003","article-title":"The booster effect in two-step tuberculin testing among young adults in Montreal.","volume":"120","author":"R Menzies","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"59","article-title":"Tuberculin test conversion during repeated skin testing, associated with sensitivity to nontuberculous mycobacteria.","volume":"120","author":"NM Richards","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"587","article-title":"The booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing.","volume":"119","author":"NJ Thompson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040055","article-title":"Rates of latent tuberculosis in health care staff in Russia.","volume":"4","author":"F Drobniewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS Medicine"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"513","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in Georgia.","volume":"12","author":"V Mirtskhulava","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.02.009","article-title":"Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in German radiologists.","volume":"69","author":"V Barsegian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"IFN-gamma and antibody responses among French nurses during a tuberculosis contact tracing investigation.","author":"JL Herrmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701730743","article-title":"Comparison of the interferon-gamma release assay and the tuberculin skin test for contact investigation of tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated health care workers.","volume":"40","author":"SS Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0389","article-title":"Usefulness of the QuantiFERON TB-2G test for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"47","author":"Y Kobashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00132-07","article-title":"Discrepancy between <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>-specific gamma interferon release assays using short and prolonged in vitro incubation.","volume":"14","author":"EM Leyten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002665","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of latent TB infection- analysis of discordant results, when compared to to tuberculin skin test.","volume":"3","author":"A Nienhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Interferon-gamma responses to ESAT-6 in tuberculosis patients early into and after anti-tuberculosis treatment.","volume":"9","author":"RA Ferrand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5590","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005590","article-title":"Identification of T-cell antigens specific for latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.","volume":"4","author":"SD Schuck","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.4.2210","article-title":"Evolution of epitope-specific memory CD4 (+) T cells after clearance of hepatitis C virus.","volume":"169","author":"AJ Godkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1783OC","article-title":"Dynamic antigen-specific T-cell responses after point-source exposure to <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>.","volume":"174","author":"K Ewer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-7","article-title":"Persistently elevated T cell interferon-gamma responses after treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in India: a preliminary report.","volume":"1","author":"M Pai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2193","article-title":"The effect of previous tuberculin skin test on the follow-up examination on whole-blood interferon-gamma assay in the screening for latent tuberculosis infection.","volume":"133","author":"JC Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200811-1704OC","article-title":"Within-subject variability and boosting of T-cell interferon-gamma responses after tuberculin skin testing.","volume":"180","author":"RN van Zyl-Smit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.049759","article-title":"Repeated tuberculin testing does not induce false positive ELISPOT results.","volume":"61","author":"L Richeldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0006686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T16:47:37Z","timestamp":1590079657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0006686"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Keertan","family":"Dheda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,24]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0006686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,24]]}}}