{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:15:12Z","timestamp":1791443712739,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277769600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T16:40:51Z","timestamp":1277829651000},"page":"e11366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Anti-HIV Activity in Cervical-Vaginal Secretions from HIV-Positive and -Negative Women Correlate with Innate Antimicrobial Levels and IgG Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mimi","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Fahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Lahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Cu-Uvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Kappes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Ochsenbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Wira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2007.01.006","article-title":"Humoral immune responses to the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in the genital tract compared to other mucosal sites.","volume":"73","author":"J Mestecky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04331-2","article-title":"Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda.","volume":"357","author":"RH Gray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1086\/429411","article-title":"Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda.","volume":"191","author":"MJ Wawer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.20","article-title":"Estradiol selectively regulates innate immune function by polarized human uterine epithelial cells in culture.","volume":"1","author":"JV Fahey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023","article-title":"Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C).","volume":"89","author":"M Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00083-9","article-title":"Differential expression of the natural antimicrobials, beta-defensins 3 and 4, in human endometrium.","volume":"59","author":"AE King","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.992","article-title":"Innate immunity in the human female reproductive tract: antiviral response of uterine epithelial cells to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C).","volume":"174","author":"TM Schaefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00561.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial polypeptides are key anti-HIV-1 effector molecules of cervicovaginal host defense.","volume":"59","author":"AM Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00563.x","article-title":"Mucosal innate immunity as a determinant of HIV susceptibility.","volume":"59","author":"SM Iqbal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"199","article-title":"Innate host defense of human vaginal and cervical mucosae.","volume":"306","author":"AM Cole","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.09.007","article-title":"Multifaceted roles of human elafin and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI), two serine protease inhibitors of the chelonianin family.","volume":"90","author":"T Moreau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00713.x","article-title":"CCL20\/MIP3alpha is a novel anti-HIV-1 molecule of the human female reproductive tract.","volume":"62","author":"M Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207779313696","article-title":"Chemokines and defensins as HIV suppressive factors: an evolving story.","volume":"13","author":"A Garzino-Demo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328013d9b5","article-title":"PRO 2000 elicits a decline in genital tract immune mediators without compromising intrinsic antimicrobial activity.","volume":"21","author":"MJ Keller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7560","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7560","article-title":"Cationic polypeptides are required for anti-HIV-1 activity of human vaginal fluid.","volume":"175","author":"N Venkataraman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90884-6","article-title":"Isolation of HTLV-III\/LAV from cervical secretions of women at risk for AIDS.","volume":"1","author":"MW Vogt","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"72","article-title":"Virus excretion in the cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant and nonpregnant HIV-infected women.","volume":"6","author":"Y Henin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.6.1597","article-title":"Association between cervical inflammation and cervical shedding of human immunodeficiency virus DNA.","volume":"170","author":"J Kreiss","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.3.588","article-title":"Association of cervical ectopy with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: results of a study of couples in Nairobi, Kenya.","volume":"164","author":"GB Moss","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200009290-00005","article-title":"Effect of menstrual cycle on HIV-1 levels in the peripheral blood and genital tract. WHS 001 Study Team.","volume":"14","author":"PS Reichelderfer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1086\/338447","article-title":"The menstrual cycle does not affect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 levels in vaginal secretions.","volume":"185","author":"JM Villanueva","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318165b952","article-title":"Increased levels of HIV-1-infected cells in endocervical secretions after the luteinizing hormone surge.","volume":"47","author":"S Benki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4081-4088.2003","article-title":"Detection of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in female genital secretions by a short-term culture method.","volume":"41","author":"JE Cummins Jr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199910010-00003","article-title":"HIV-1 RNA in plasma and genital tract secretions in women infected with HIV-1.","volume":"22","author":"A Kovacs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1896-1905.2002","article-title":"Emergence of resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients receiving fusion inhibitor (T-20) monotherapy.","volume":"46","author":"X Wei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802203105","article-title":"Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection.","volume":"105","author":"BF Keele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090378","article-title":"Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted\/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection.","volume":"206","author":"JF Salazar-Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1089\/088922202320886334","article-title":"Detection of mucosal antibodies in HIV type 1-infected individuals.","volume":"18","author":"PF Wright","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000229997.52246.95","article-title":"Association between paired plasma and cervicovaginal lavage fluid HIV-1 RNA levels during 36 months.","volume":"42","author":"S Cu-Uvin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-4-25","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"4","author":"GT Spear","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8195","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.8195-8202.2001","article-title":"Interleukin-8 stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and is a potential new target for antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"75","author":"BR Lane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.1.151","article-title":"Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.","volume":"172","author":"G Poli","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0004","article-title":"Positive association between HIV RNA and IL-6 in the genital tract of Rwandan women.","volume":"24","author":"GT Spear","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200103090-00002","article-title":"Myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8 from cervico-vaginal secretions activates HIV replication.","volume":"15","author":"FB Hashemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3126","article-title":"gp340 expressed on human genital epithelia binds HIV-1 envelope protein and facilitates viral transmission.","volume":"179","author":"E Stoddard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Trappin-2\/Elafin: a novel innate anti-HIV-1 molecule of the human female reproductive tract.","author":"M Ghosh","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.3.1141","article-title":"Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity by secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor occurs prior to viral reverse transcription.","volume":"90","author":"T McNeely","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.07.001","article-title":"Novel innate immune functions of the whey acidic protein family.","volume":"29","author":"CD Bingle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"S17","article-title":"The vaginal microbial ecosystem and resistance to HIV.","volume":"Suppl 1","author":"S Hillier","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0330069","article-title":"Continuous Measurement by radio-telemetry of vaginal pH during human coitus.","volume":"33","author":"CA Fox","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Reprod Fert"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.4.3.367-374.1997","article-title":"In vivo semen-associated pH neutralization of cervicovaginal secretions.","volume":"4","author":"C Tevi-Benissan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1387","article-title":"Selective transmission of CCR5-utilizing HIV-1: the \u2018gatekeeper\u2019 problem resolved?","volume":"4","author":"L Margolis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20478","article-title":"Selective sequestration of X4 isolates by human genital epithelial cells: Implication for virus tropism selection process during sexual transmission of HIV.","volume":"77","author":"W Berlier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.07.029","article-title":"R5- and X4-HIV-1 use differentially the endometrial epithelial cells HEC-1A to ensure their own spread: implication for mechanisms of sexual transmission.","volume":"358","author":"H Saidi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F39","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311070-00001","article-title":"Human epithelial beta-defensins 2 and 3 inhibit HIV-1 replication.","volume":"17","author":"ME Quinones-Mateu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.01807.x","article-title":"Inhibitory function of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) in human saliva is HIV-1 specific and varies with virus tropism.","volume":"8","author":"P Skott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283060ea4","article-title":"A new strategy to understand how HIV infects women: identification of a window of vulnerability during the menstrual cycle.","volume":"22","author":"CR Wira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.22.788","article-title":"Mucosal innate immune factors in the female genital tract are associated with vaginal HIV-1 shedding independent of plasma viral load.","volume":"22","author":"JE Cummins","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00386-06","article-title":"Cervicovaginal levels of lactoferrin, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and RANTES and the effects of coexisting vaginoses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative women with a high risk of heterosexual acquisition of HIV infection.","volume":"14","author":"RM Novak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199711010-00004","article-title":"Evaluation of immunologic markers in cervicovaginal fluid of HIV-infected and uninfected women: implications for the immunologic response to HIV in the female genital tract.","volume":"16","author":"BE Sha","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2007.11.001","article-title":"Vaginal IL-8 levels are positively associated with Candida albicans and inversely with lactobacilli in HIV-infected women.","volume":"78","author":"GT Spear","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3307","article-title":"HIV-1 transcription and virus production are both accentuated by the proinflammatory myeloid-related proteins in human CD4+ T lymphocytes.","volume":"169","author":"C Ryckman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.2065","article-title":"HIV envelope binding by macrophage-expressed gp340 promotes HIV-1 infection.","volume":"181","author":"G Cannon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2007.02.002","article-title":"The genital tract immune milieu: an important determinant of HIV susceptibility and secondary transmission.","volume":"77","author":"R Kaul","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328321809c","article-title":"Levels of innate immune factors in genital fluids: association of alpha defensins and LL-37 with genital infections and increased HIV acquisition.","volume":"23","author":"P Levinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.1.73","article-title":"Expression patterns of cathepsins B, H, K, L and S in the human endometrium.","volume":"7","author":"V Jokimaa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5482.1202","article-title":"Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3.","volume":"289","author":"GA McQuibban","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5437.113","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal alpha-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense.","volume":"286","author":"CL Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1127","article-title":"HIV-induced metalloproteinase processing of the chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 causes neurodegeneration.","volume":"6","author":"K Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6512","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6512","article-title":"Function of liver activation-regulated chemokine\/CC chemokine ligand 20 is differently affected by cathepsin B and cathepsin D processing.","volume":"176","author":"L Hasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.931","article-title":"Inactivation of human beta-defensins 2 and 3 by elastolytic cathepsins.","volume":"171","author":"CC Taggart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0406290","article-title":"N-terminal proteolytic processing by cathepsin G converts RANTES\/CCL5 and related analogs into a truncated 4\u201368 variant.","volume":"80","author":"JK Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199902250-00005","article-title":"HIV-1 infectivity and host range modification by cathepsin D present in human vaginal secretions.","volume":"13","author":"K El Messaoudi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.2.1004-1007.2000","article-title":"A human milk factor susceptible to cathepsin D inhibitors enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity and allows virus entry into a mammary epithelial cell line.","volume":"74","author":"K El Messaoudi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2008.171","article-title":"Role of tissue kallikrein-related peptidases in cervical mucus remodeling and host defense.","volume":"389","author":"JL Shaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-2-2","article-title":"Inhibition of early steps in the lentiviral replication cycle by cathelicidin host defense peptides.","volume":"2","author":"L Steinstraesser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6075com","article-title":"Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin.","volume":"20","author":"K Yamasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1865","article-title":"Regulation of the receptor specificity and function of the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26)-mediated cleavage.","volume":"186","author":"T Oravecz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6331","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6331","article-title":"Anti-HIV-1 and chemotactic activities of human stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) and SDF-1beta are abolished by CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV-mediated cleavage.","volume":"95","author":"T Shioda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832ea643","article-title":"Elevated elafin\/trappin-2 in the female genital tract is associated with protection against HIV acquisition.","volume":"23","author":"SM Iqbal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14318","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14318-14329.2005","article-title":"Human beta-defensins suppress human immunodeficiency virus infection: potential role in mucosal protection.","volume":"79","author":"L Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.0233","article-title":"Mucosal innate immune factors in secretions from high-risk individuals immunized with a bivalent gp120 vaccine.","volume":"23","author":"JE Cummins Jr","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.05.020","article-title":"Human defensins and cytokines in vaginal lavage fluid of women with bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"103","author":"SR Fan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"201","article-title":"Soluble proteins in cervical mucus.","author":"G Schumacher","year":"1973","journal-title":"The biology of the cervix The University of Chicago Press"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg018","article-title":"Specific Antibody Levels at the Cervix During the Menstrual Cycle of Women Vaccinated With Human Papillomavirus 16 Virus\u2013Like Particles.","volume":"95","author":"DJ Nardelli-Haefliger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nat Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2174\/157016207782418452","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies in mucosal secretions: IgG or IgA?","volume":"5","author":"R Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"85","article-title":"Limited secretory-IgA response in cervicovaginal secretions from HIV-1 infected, but not high risk seronegative women: lack of correlation to genital viral shedding.","volume":"23","author":"JR Fiore","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"15","article-title":"Community prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in rural and urban Vellore, Tamil Nadu.","volume":"18","author":"G Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1086\/425582","article-title":"Women with cervicovaginal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity have lower genital HIV-1 RNA loads.","volume":"190","author":"P Nag","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803115","article-title":"Contribution of nonneutralizing vaccine-elicited antibody activities to improved protective efficacy in rhesus macaques immunized with Tat\/Env compared with multigenic vaccines.","volume":"182","author":"RH Florese","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908492","article-title":"Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand.","volume":"361","author":"S Rerks-Ngarm","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2004.20.972","article-title":"Paucity of antigen-specific IgA responses in sera and external secretions of HIV-type 1-infected individuals.","volume":"20","author":"J Mestecky","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0011366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T17:36:52Z","timestamp":1711561012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0011366"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Broliden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0011366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]}}}