{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:24:25Z","timestamp":1792736665634,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T19:24:10Z","timestamp":1281468250000},"page":"e12046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness of \u201cGolden Mustard\u201d for Treating Vitamin A Deficiency in India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eili Y.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramanan","family":"Laxminarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2857S","article-title":"Extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age.","volume":"132","author":"K West Jr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"37","article-title":"National consultation on benefits and safety of administration of vitamin A to pre-school children and pregnant and lactating women.","volume":"38","author":"U Kapil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Micronutrient Profile of Indian Population","author":"G Toteja","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650502600107","article-title":"Recent trends in malnutrition in developing regions: vitamin A deficiency, anemia, iodine deficiency, and child underweight.","volume":"26","author":"J Mason","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies.","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998\u201399: India","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2884S","article-title":"Recommendations for indicators: night blindness during pregnancy\u2014 a simple tool to assess vitamin A deficiency in a population.","volume":"132","author":"P Christian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195088243.001.0001","article-title":"Vitamin A Deficiency: Health, Survival, and Vision","author":"A Sommer","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1082","article-title":"Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content.","volume":"23","author":"JA Paine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Biotech"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1006-1200b","article-title":"Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of Golden Rice.","volume":"24","author":"AJ Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Biotech"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9192(02)00065-9","article-title":"Golden rice: what role could it play in alleviation of vitamin A deficiency?","volume":"27","author":"D Dawe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/13590840310001619414","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and Golden Rice\u2014a literature review.","volume":"13","author":"NE Egana","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2004.03.001","article-title":"Potential health benefits of Golden Rice: a Philippine case study.","volume":"29","author":"R Zimmerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Final Technical Report","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313x.1999.00611.x","article-title":"Seed-specific overexpression of phytoene synthase: increase in carotenoids and other metabolic effects.","volume":"20","author":"CK Shewmaker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Journal"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"257","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency.","author":"K West Jr","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Controlling Vitamin &amp; Mineral Deficiencies in India: Meeting the Goal.","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"How cost-effective is biofortification in combating micronutrient malnutrition? An ex-ante assessment","author":"JV Meenakshi","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2007.02.013","article-title":"Genetic engineering for the poor: Golden Rice and public health in India.","volume":"36","author":"AJ Stein","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Development"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/16.3.326","article-title":"Calculating and presenting disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in cost-effectiveness analysis.","volume":"16","author":"JAF Rushby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"World Development Report: Investing in Health","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"National Programme Officer for Vitamin A Supplementation, Micronutrient Initiative.","author":"A Lakshman","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Chandigarh in figures: economic indicators-2005.","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.5.970","article-title":"Impact of massive doses of vitamin A on nutritional blindness in Bangladesh.","volume":"45","author":"N Cohen","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010043231401","article-title":"Reduced mortality among children in southern India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A.","volume":"323","author":"L Rahmathullah","year":"1990","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02751166","article-title":"Nutrition and health status survey of school children.","volume":"28","author":"BRH Rao","year":"1961","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.7.1445","article-title":"An evaluation of strategies to control vitamin A deficiency in the Philippines.","volume":"32","author":"FS Solon","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02722703","article-title":"Mass supplementation of vitamin A linked to National Immunization Day.","volume":"69","author":"H Swami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.1.119","article-title":"Field prophylactic trial with a single annual oral massive dose of vitamin A.","volume":"23","author":"M Swaminathan","year":"1970","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6821.207","article-title":"Childhood mortality after a high dose of vitamin A in a high risk population.","volume":"304","author":"N Daulaire","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1570","article-title":"Maternal low-dose vitamin A or \u00df-carotene supplementation has no effect on fetal loss and early infant mortality: a randomized cluster trial in Nepal.","volume":"71","author":"J Katz","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.1.143","article-title":"Mortality of infants &lt;6 mo of age supplemented with vitamin A: a randomized, double-masked trial in Nepal.","volume":"62","author":"K West Jr","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)02487-8","article-title":"Randomised trial to assess benefits and safety of vitamin A supplementation linked to immunisation in early infancy.","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Recommendation of National Workshop on Micronutrients Held on 24\u201325th November, 2003 at Delhi and Organized by Indian Council of Medical Research on Behalf of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659401500414","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and child morbidity and mortality in developing countries.","volume":"15","author":"G Beaton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61693-6","article-title":"What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival.","volume":"371","author":"Z Bhutta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92357-L","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and child survival.","volume":"340","author":"MG Herrera","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92895-O","article-title":"Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children.","volume":"336","author":"K Vijayaraghavan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Six-monthly vitamin A from 1 to 6 years of age DEVTA: Cluster-randomised trial in 1 million children in North India, 2007-04-17, Istanbul","author":"S Awasthi","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Annual Report 2005\u20132006","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1257\/089533006776526058","article-title":"Missing in action: teacher and health worker absence in developing countries.","volume":"20","author":"N Chaudhury","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Diet and nutritional status of rural population","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Human nutrition &amp; health\u2014fortification.","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Report of Second Repeat Survey\u2014Rural","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"NSS 55th Round","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Vitamin A socioeconomic review","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(91)90068-Y","article-title":"Effect of processing on \u00df-carotene retention in crude palm oil and its products.","volume":"42","author":"R Manorama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Biological Confinement of Genetically Engineered Organisms","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"23","article-title":"Prospects for <italic>Bt<\/italic> cotton technology in India.","volume":"7","author":"RB Barwale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management & Economics"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"239","article-title":"A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code.","volume":"21","author":"MD McKay","year":"1979","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency disorders.","author":"L Caulfield","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Why They Work: An Analysis of Three Successful Public Health Interventions.","author":"R Houston","year":"2003","journal-title":"MOST (USAID Micronutrient Program)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00317-7","article-title":"The costs and effectiveness of three vitamin A interventions in Guatemala.","volume":"42","author":"M Phillips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Vitamin A Sugar Fortification in Central America: Experience and Lessons Learned.","author":"JO Mora","year":"2000","journal-title":"MOST (USAID Micronutrient Program)"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00449-9","article-title":"Cost analysis as a vitamin A program design and evaluation tool: a case study of the Philippines.","volume":"51","author":"J Fiedler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Sugar fortification with vitamin A: a Central American contribution to the developing world. Food Fortification to End Micronutrient Malnutrition: State of the Art Satellite Conference of the XVIth International Congress of Nutrition, Symposium Report","author":"O Dary","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Micronutrient Policies and Programs in India: Vitamin A Deficiency Situational Assessment to Guide USAID Investments.","author":"K Vijayaraghavan","year":"2006","journal-title":"NIN"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.1.41","article-title":"The effect of vitamin A fortification of sugar on the serum vitamin A levels of preschool Guatemalan children: a longitudinal evaluation.","volume":"34","author":"G Arroyave","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiency disorders in 16 districts of India. Part 1 Report of an ICMR task force study-District Nutrition Program","author":"G Toteja","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Annual Report","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"539","article-title":"Micronutrient malnutrition\u2014present status and future remedies.","volume":"98(9)","author":"I Chakravarty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Medical Association"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"377","article-title":"Cost of syrup versus capsule form of vitamin A supplementation.","volume":"41","author":"K Anand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"India Micronutrient National Investment Plan 2007\u20132011","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Pamphlet","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Bottled loot: the structure and economics of the Indian bottled water industry.","volume":"23(7)","author":"C Bhushan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Frontline"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Technical Director, Monsanto.","author":"C George","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T02:27:43Z","timestamp":1740364063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012046"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Don","family":"Husereau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]}}}