{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:01:58Z","timestamp":1793394118813,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]],"date-time":"2010-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282003200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]],"date-time":"2010-08-17T21:43:31Z","timestamp":1282081411000},"page":"e12219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Evaluation of the House Fly Musca domestica as a Mechanical Vector for an Anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Fasanella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Scasciamacchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Garofolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Giangaspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Tarsitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Adone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Epizozia di carbonchio ematico negli animali del Giardino zoologico di Roma.","volume":"71","author":"P Ambrosini","year":"1948","journal-title":"Clin Vet"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"288","article-title":"Anthrax.","author":"LPE Choquette","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"8","article-title":"A major epidemic of anthrax in Zimbabwe. Part II.","volume":"29","author":"JC Davies","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"176","article-title":"A major epidemic of anthrax in Zimbabwe. The experience at the Beatrice Road Infectious Diseases Hospital, Harare.","volume":"31","author":"JC Davies","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"198","article-title":"The role of carnivores in the epidemiology of anthrax in Kruger National Park. In. Proc. Symposium on Lions and Leopards as Game Ranch Animals (J. Van Heerden, ed.) 24-25 October.","author":"V De Vos","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00872.x","article-title":"A review of anthrax in Canada and implications for research on the disease in northern bison.","volume":"87","author":"DC Dragon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"295","article-title":"The ecology of anthrax spores: tough but not invincible.","volume":"36","author":"DC Dragon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"94","article-title":"Sources of bacteria in milk.","volume":"51","author":"WN Esten","year":"1908","journal-title":"Connecticut Agriculture Experimental Station Bulletin"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"87","article-title":"Severe anthrax outbreaks in Italy in 2004: evaluation of factors involved in the spread of infection.","volume":"3","author":"A Fasanella","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Microbiologica"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00159-1","article-title":"Detection of anthrax vaccine virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"19","author":"A Fasanella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.061465","article-title":"Anthrax in red deer (<italic>Cervus elaphus<\/italic>), Italy.","volume":"Dis13","author":"A Fasanella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.06.012","article-title":"The behaviour of virulent <italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/italic> strain AO843 in rabbits.","volume":"133","author":"A Fasanella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3398-3401.2005","article-title":"Molecular diversity of <italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/italic> in Italy.","volume":"7","author":"A Fasanella","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.085993","article-title":"Optimization of high-resolution melting analysis for low-cost and rapid screening of allelic variants of <italic>Bacilus anthracis<\/italic> by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis.","volume":"53","author":"D Fortini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0765-92","article-title":"Flies and Disease.","volume":"213","author":"B Greenberg","year":"1965","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Vol. I, Ecology classification and biotic association, Princeton University Press, Princeton New Jersey","author":"B Greenberg","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"248","article-title":"Muscoid flies and houses flies","author":"RF Harwood","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"359","article-title":"Rev sci tech Off int Epiz","volume":"21","author":"ME Hugh- Jones","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"777","article-title":"Anthrax in an infant.","volume":"38","author":"Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Pediatric"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90806-0","article-title":"Isolation of <italic>Helicaobacter pylori<\/italic> from feaces of patients with dyspepsia in the United Kingdom.","volume":"107","author":"SM Kelly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01133-06","article-title":"Protective and Immunochemical Activities of Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with the <italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/italic> Polypeptide Capsule.","volume":"75","author":"TR Kozel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"348","article-title":"Tabanus flies as transmitters of anthrax: a field experience.","volume":"35","author":"NS Krishna Rao","year":"1958","journal-title":"Indian Vet J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.6.1009","article-title":"Anthrax.","volume":"19","author":"FM La Force","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"126","article-title":"Anthrax and its transmission to humans.","volume":"26","author":"DR McKendrick","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med."},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Anthrax Epizootic in Zimbabwe 1978-1980: Due to Deliberate spread?","author":"MD Meryl Nass"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/4570379","article-title":"Experimental insect transmission of anthrax.","volume":"29","author":"MB Mitzmain","year":"1914","journal-title":"Public Health Report"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"606","article-title":"Some carriers of anthrax infection.","volume":"56","author":"H Morris","year":"1920","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Ass"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"225","article-title":"Bacteria fauna from the house fly, <italic>Musca domestica<\/italic> (L.).","volume":"22","author":"WA Nanzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"952","article-title":"House-flies the availability of water, and Diarrhoeal Diseases.","volume":"41","author":"CS Richards","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bulletin of World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"149","article-title":"Experiments on the transmission of anthrax.","volume":"14","author":"SK Sen","year":"1944","journal-title":"Indian J Vet Sci An Husb"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"86","article-title":"The Biology of the Insect Midgut,","author":"RL Tellam","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92894-L","article-title":"Isolation of <italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/italic> from human feaces.","volume":"340","author":"JE Thomas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.8.1859-1861.1987","article-title":"Mechanical transmission of <italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/italic> by stable flies (<italic>Stomoxys calcitrans<\/italic>) and mosquitoes (<italic>Aedes aegypti<\/italic> and <italic>Aedes taeniorhynchus<\/italic>).","volume":"55","author":"MJ Turel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"<italic>Bacillus<\/italic>, 187-210.","author":"P Turnbull","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"160","article-title":"Anthrax in humans in Zimbabwe.","volume":"26","author":"M Turner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3990.1303","article-title":"Ecology of Anthrax.","volume":"172","author":"GB Van Ness","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T16:37:52Z","timestamp":1591807072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012219"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Frank R.","family":"DeLeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012219","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]]}}}