{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:37:13Z","timestamp":1782513433392,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]],"date-time":"2011-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]],"date-time":"2011-01-31T16:55:09Z","timestamp":1296492909000},"page":"e16310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Non-Sexual Transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in Adolescent Girls Attending School in Ndola, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tania","family":"Crucitti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Jespers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanda","family":"Mulenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shepherd","family":"Khondowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Vandepitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Buv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"S12","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence estimates of selected curable STDs.","volume":"74","author":"AC Gerbase","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Inf"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.2.137","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis.","volume":"41","author":"A Fouts","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90085-W","article-title":"Atypical pelvic inflammatory disease: can we identify clinical predictors?","volume":"169","author":"W Cates","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> associated with low birth weight and pre-term delivery.","volume":"24","author":"MF Cotch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1086\/511278","article-title":"Infection with <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.","volume":"195","author":"RS McClelland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Trichomonas infections.","author":"Anonymous","year":"1957","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"199","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> transmission in a family.","volume":"71","author":"Y Adu-Sarkodie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/37.2.90","article-title":"Epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in rural adolescent and juvenile children.","volume":"37","author":"SX Charles","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1959.8.312","article-title":"Epidemiological studies on human trichomoniasis.","volume":"8","author":"TA Burch","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"677","article-title":"Critique des possibilit\u00e9s de contamination extra-v\u00e9n\u00e9rienne de la trichomonase uro-g\u00e9nitale. De la contamination par les niges et les sous-v\u00eatements.","volume":"56","author":"G Chappaz","year":"1961","journal-title":"Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"812","article-title":"Survival ability of Trichomonas vaginalis in mineral baths.","volume":"57","author":"H Krieger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108004-00002","article-title":"Multicentre study factors determining differences in rate of spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and prevalence of HIV infection.","volume":"15","author":"A Buv\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108004-00010","article-title":"The epidemiology of trichomoniasis in women in four African cities.","volume":"15","author":"A Buv\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"819","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic>: repeated DNA target for highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction diagnosis.","volume":"40","author":"P Kengne","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.1.132-138.1997","article-title":"Colorimetric one-tube nested PCR for detection of <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> in vaginal discharge.","volume":"35","author":"M-F Shaio","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.5.393","article-title":"Comparison of culture and different PCR assays for detection of <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> in self collected vaginal swab specimens.","volume":"79","author":"T Crucitti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"UNAIDS\/WHO Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS, Zambia, 2008 update"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181c21f93","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> is highly prevalent in adolescent girls, pregnant women and commercial sex workers in Ndola, Zambia.","volume":"37","author":"T Crucitti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.020941","article-title":"Lack of evidence for the involvement of rectal and oral trichomonads in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis in Ghana.","volume":"83","author":"Y Adu-Sarkodie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.043125","article-title":"Iatrogenic transmission of <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> by a traditional healer.","volume":"86","author":"K Peterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sec Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery.","volume":"24","author":"MF Cotch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015","article-title":"Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study.","volume":"7","author":"M Laga","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200110000-00005","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiologic interactions between classic sexually transmitted diseases and HIV, How much really is known?","volume":"28","author":"JA Rottingen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1086\/526496","article-title":"<italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/italic> infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in African women.","volume":"197","author":"B Van der Pol","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9","article-title":"Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. AIDSCAP Malawi Research Group.","volume":"349","author":"MS Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318186decf","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis treatment reduces vaginal HIV-1 shedding.","volume":"36","author":"P Kissinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1086\/319287","article-title":"The effect of treatment of vaginal infections on shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"183","author":"CC Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T04:14:53Z","timestamp":1637208893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016310"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Landon","family":"Myer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016310","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.8212956.8630054","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,31]]}}}