{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:52:38Z","timestamp":1789689158988,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]],"date-time":"2011-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296086400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]],"date-time":"2011-01-27T22:04:21Z","timestamp":1296165861000},"page":"e16437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Subnormal Cytokine Profile in the Tear Fluid of Keratoconus Patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Albert S.","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Cope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Speck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seakwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukti","family":"Chakravarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90094-8","article-title":"Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders.","volume":"28","author":"JH Krachmer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-175-41804","article-title":"Heterogeneity in keratoconus: possible biochemical basis.","volume":"175","author":"BY Yue","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus.","volume":"42","author":"YS Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199703000-00025","article-title":"Keratoconus: age of onset and natural history.","volume":"74","author":"JL Olivares Jimenez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(58)90403-3","article-title":"Atopy and keratoconus.","volume":"45","author":"MA Galin","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.66.11.717","article-title":"Immunoglobulin patterns in keratoconus with particular reference to total and specific IgE levels.","volume":"66","author":"EG Kemp","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.12.761","article-title":"Keratoconus and coexisting atopic disease.","volume":"61","author":"A Rahi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.11.050","article-title":"Inflammatory molecules in the tears of patients with keratoconus.","volume":"112","author":"I Lema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.144253","article-title":"Subclinical keratoconus and inflammatory molecules from tears.","volume":"93","author":"I Lema","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689109013850","article-title":"Binding sites for human interleukin 1 alpha, gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor on cultured fibroblasts of normal cornea and keratoconus.","volume":"10","author":"EJ Fabre","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181824e20","article-title":"Antibody protein array analysis of the tear film cytokines.","volume":"85","author":"S Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine levels in tears from healthy subjects.","author":"E Carreno","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31816a3591","article-title":"Inflammatory response to contact lenses in patients with keratoconus compared with myopic subjects.","volume":"27","author":"I Lema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2735","article-title":"How are T(H)2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?","volume":"10","author":"WE Paul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe55","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.1.51.pe55","article-title":"Untangling the complex web of IL-4- and IL-13-mediated signaling pathways.","volume":"1","author":"M Wills-Karp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02499.x","article-title":"Multiple cytokines in human tear specimens in seasonal and chronic allergic eye disease and in conjunctival fibroblast cultures.","volume":"36","author":"A Leonardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.701","article-title":"The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions.","volume":"17","author":"K Nelms","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180802430974","article-title":"Regulatory effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) on type I collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts stimulated by IL-4 and IL-13.","volume":"27","author":"RK Bhogal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.61","article-title":"Interleukin-4 induces the activation and collagen production of cultured human intrahepatic fibroblasts via the STAT-6 pathway.","volume":"88","author":"L Aoudjehane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0828","article-title":"Increased stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in human keratoconus fibroblasts.","volume":"47","author":"M Chwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(03)00022-5","article-title":"The cascade hypothesis of keratoconus.","volume":"26","author":"MC Kenney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689209033483","article-title":"Collagenolytic\/gelatinolytic metalloproteinases in normal and keratoconus corneas.","volume":"11","author":"ME Fini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090220118033","article-title":"Lysosomal enzyme activities in conjunctival tissues of patients with keratoconus.","volume":"112","author":"T Fukuchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1551","article-title":"A brief history of T(H)17, the first major revision in the T(H)1\/T(H)2 hypothesis of T cell-mediated tissue damage.","volume":"13","author":"L Steinman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9239-7","article-title":"Interplay between effector Th17 and regulatory T cells.","volume":"28","author":"A Awasthi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(99)00007-5","article-title":"Growth factors: importance in wound healing and maintenance of transparency of the cornea.","volume":"19","author":"J Imanishi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20060901-13","article-title":"Correlation between TGF-beta1 in tears and corneal haze following LASEK and epi-LASIK.","volume":"22","author":"Q Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700375","article-title":"TGFbeta pathobiology in the eye.","volume":"86","author":"S Saika","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1105-1069","article-title":"T(H)-17: a giant step from T(H)1 and T(H)2.","volume":"6","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2091-3","article-title":"Inflammatory responses induced by interleukin-17 family members in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts.","volume":"42","author":"Y Yagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H3356","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00928.2007","article-title":"IL-17 stimulates MMP-1 expression in primary human cardiac fibroblasts via p38 MAPK- and ERK1\/2-dependent C\/EBP-beta, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 activation.","volume":"293","author":"DM Cortez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2003.09.008","article-title":"Interleukin-17 signal transduction pathways implicated in inducing matrix metalloproteinase-3, -13 and aggrecanase-1 genes in articular chondrocytes.","volume":"16","author":"J Sylvester","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-002-1101-8","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-3 secretion from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts: role of interleukin-17.","volume":"38","author":"S Bamba","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10872","article-title":"T cells regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase in human osteoblasts via a dual mitogen-activated protein kinase mechanism.","volume":"48","author":"L Rifas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2009.06.007","article-title":"Interleukin-17 regulates chemokine and gelatinase B expression in fibroblasts to recruit both neutrophils and monocytes.","volume":"214","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-8011-8","article-title":"T lymphocytes in Sjogren&apos;s syndrome: contributors to and regulators of pathophysiology.","volume":"32","author":"GE Katsifis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.5","article-title":"IL-17 disrupts corneal barrier following desiccating stress.","volume":"2","author":"CS De Paiva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1247","article-title":"Autoimmunity in dry eye is due to resistance of Th17 to Treg suppression.","volume":"182","author":"SK Chauhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Desiccating Stress Promotes Th17 Differentiation by Ocular Surface Tissues through a Dendritic Cell-Mediated Pathway.","author":"X Zheng","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"2055","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the tear film in patients with keratoconus.","volume":"16","author":"I Lema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1949","article-title":"Tear proteomics in keratoconus.","volume":"16","author":"C Pannebaker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Vis"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T11:13:48Z","timestamp":1589022828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016437"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Che","family":"Connon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,27]]}}}