{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:31:12Z","timestamp":1790256672749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T16:17:12Z","timestamp":1297268232000},"page":"e16658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Novel Sulfated Polysaccharides Disrupt Cathelicidins, Inhibit RAGE and Reduce Cutaneous Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Rosacea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jianxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayanam V.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Argyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsi","family":"McCoard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Rusho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn D.","family":"Prestwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042829","article-title":"Rosacea.","volume":"352","author":"FC Powell","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Rosacea\u2014global diversity and optimized outcome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group.","author":"BE Elewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Europ Academ Dermatol Venereology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1616","article-title":"Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea.","volume":"13","author":"K Yamasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0807-904","article-title":"Rosacea: skin innate immunity gone awry?","volume":"13","author":"CL Bevins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"11","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in human skin disease.","volume":"18","author":"Y Kenshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Alkylated semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycosan ethers, and methods for making and using thereof.","author":"G Prestwich","year":"2010","journal-title":"U.S. Patent 7,855,187B1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214996","article-title":"Heparin&apos;s anti-inflammatory effects require glucosamine 6-<italic>O<\/italic>-sulfation and are mediated by blockade of L- and P-selectins.","volume":"110","author":"L Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36816-8","article-title":"Selective O-desulfation produces nonanticoagulant heparin that retains pharmacologic activity in the lung.","volume":"282","author":"A Fryer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700070","article-title":"The receptor for advanced glycation end products is highly expressed in the skin and upregulated by advanced glycation end products and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.","volume":"126","author":"C Lohwasser","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C97","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00009.2010","article-title":"Low anticoagulant heparin targets multiple sites of inflammation, suppresses heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and inhibits interaction of RAGE with its ligands.","volume":"299","author":"NV Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306170","article-title":"S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules.","volume":"81","author":"D Foell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00034.Klune","article-title":"HMGB1: endogenous danger signaling.","volume":"14","author":"JR Klune","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030800","article-title":"The pattern recognition receptor (RAGE) is a counterreceptor for leukocyte integrins: a novel pathway for inflammatory cell recruitment.","volume":"10","author":"T Chavakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(85)90007-9","article-title":"Review on skin and mucous-membrane irritations tests and their application.","volume":"23","author":"E Bosshard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803200","article-title":"Contaminated heparin associated with adverse clinical events and activation of the contact system.","volume":"358","author":"TK Kishimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)79699-7","article-title":"Autoactivation of human Hageman factor. Demonstration using a synthetic substrate.","volume":"255","author":"M Silverberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.10.004","article-title":"Absence of S100A12 in mouse: implications of RAGE-S100A12 interaction.","volume":"24","author":"G Fuellen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-5-1","article-title":"Topical anti-inflammatory activity of <italic>Polygonum cuspidatum<\/italic> extract in the TPA model of mouse ear inflammation.","volume":"5","author":"EE Bralley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Inflammation"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.94","article-title":"TLR4-mediated skin carcinogenesis is dependent on immune and radioresistant cells.","volume":"29","author":"D Mittal","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17545","article-title":"An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37\/hCAP-18.","volume":"111","author":"R Koczulla","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.6.2160-2167.1997","article-title":"Effect of anticoagulants on binding and neutralization of lipopolysaccharide by the peptide immunoglobulin conjugate CAP18<sub>106-138<\/sub>-immunoglobuin G in whole blood.","volume":"65","author":"M Ogata","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki460","article-title":"Glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids.","volume":"57","author":"W Baranska-Rybak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115379","article-title":"Acidic polyamino acids inhibit human eosinophil granule major basic protein toxicity. Evidence of a functional role for ProMBP.","volume":"88","author":"RL Barker","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116116","article-title":"Function of pulmonary M<sub>2<\/sub> muscarinic receptors in antigen-challenged guinea pigs is restored by heparin and poly-L-glutamate.","volume":"90","author":"AD Fryer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis.","volume":"361","author":"FO Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.2.1499","article-title":"Chemotactic activity of S100A7 (psoriasin) is mediated by RAGE and potentiates inflammation with highly homologous but functionally distinct S100A15.","volume":"181","author":"R Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200114002","article-title":"The multiligand receptor RAGE as a progression factor amplifying immune and inflammatory responses.","volume":"108","author":"AM Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710791331086","article-title":"RAGE: a multiland receptor unveiling novel insights in health and disease.","volume":"17","author":"P Alexiou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601552","article-title":"A novel pathway way of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory cell recruitment that requires Mac-1 integrin.","volume":"26","author":"VV Orlova","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12299","DOI":"10.1021\/bi800910v","article-title":"Solution structure of the variable-type domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products: new insight into AGE-RAGE interaction.","volume":"47","author":"S Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"The 1.5 \u00c5 crystal structure of human receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) ectodomains reveals unique features determining ligand binding.","author":"H Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27255","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801622200","article-title":"Structural basis for pattern recognition by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).","volume":"282","author":"J Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"274","article-title":"Perkutane Resorption von Heparin-<sup>35<\/sup>S aus einer speziell zubereiteten \u00d6l-in-Wasser-Emulsion.","volume":"23","author":"E Schraven","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arzneim-Forsch\/Drug Res"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"251","article-title":"Die Penetration von Heparin in die menschliche Haut.","volume":"31","author":"H Schaefer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1365","article-title":"Penetration, Permeation und Resorption von Heparin in-vivo-Untersuchungen an der menschlichen Haut.","volume":"26","author":"A Zesch","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneim-Forsch\/Drug Res"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"6157","article-title":"Untersuchungen zur transkutanen Heparinapplikation.","volume":"32","author":"RE Zimmermann","year":"1982","journal-title":"Therapiewoche"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"484","article-title":"Permeation of the human skin by heparin and mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester.","volume":"40","author":"G Stuttgen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arzneim-Forsch\/Drug Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199212000-00040","article-title":"Heparin-related activity in peripheral venous blood after percutaneous application of various glycosaminoglycan containing creams.","volume":"3","author":"P de Moerlosse","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Coag Fibrinol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(94)90035-3","article-title":"Vehicle effects on in vitro heparin release and skin penetration from different gels.","volume":"102","author":"FP Bonina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10085","article-title":"Interactions of heparin with human skin cells: Binding, location, and transdermal penetration.","volume":"67A","author":"C Parisel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2005.00354.x","article-title":"Pimecrolimus permeates less than tacrolimus through normal, inflamed, or corticosteroid-pretreated skin.","volume":"14","author":"JG Meingassner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt928","article-title":"Discovery of transdermal penetration enhancers by high-throughput screening.","volume":"22","author":"P Karande","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Biotech"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00832-8","article-title":"Heparin penetration into and permeation through human skin from aqueous and liposomal fomulations in vitro.","volume":"228","author":"G Betz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.097","article-title":"Topical delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin with surface-charged flexible liposomes.","volume":"27","author":"Y-K Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.08.028","article-title":"Enhanced transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin by barrier perturbation.","volume":"365","author":"SSS Lanke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-8923-z","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of heparin using pulsed current iontophoresis.","volume":"23","author":"S Pacini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010979010907","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of heparin and low-molecular weight heparin using low-frequency ultrasound.","volume":"18","author":"S Mitragotri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.03.006","article-title":"Low-frequency sonophoresis: Current status and future prospects.","volume":"60","author":"M Ogura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Drug Del Rev"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(83)90019-2","article-title":"Assay method for myeloperoxidase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.","volume":"132","author":"K Suzuki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12260709","article-title":"The mouse ear inflammatory response to topical arachidonic acid.","volume":"82","author":"JM Young","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T08:33:37Z","timestamp":1740904417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016658"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"H. Peter","family":"Soyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016658","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718430977.793495885","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]]}}}