{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:35:34Z","timestamp":1792521334787,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300233600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T17:12:15Z","timestamp":1300295535000},"page":"e17585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Entry of Yersinia pestis into the Viable but Nonculturable State in a Low-Temperature Tap Water Microcosm"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Raslawsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Howlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Karalus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris A.","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050003","article-title":"Plague: past, present, and future.","volume":"5","author":"NC Stenseth","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337","article-title":"Natural history of plague: perspectives from more than a century of research.","volume":"50","author":"KL Gage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Experimental Preservation of Plague in Soil.","volume":"56","author":"HH Mollaret","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1406.080029","article-title":"Persistence of <italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic> in soil under natural conditions.","volume":"14","author":"RJ Eisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"7","article-title":"[The population variability of <italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic> in soil samples from the natural focus of plague].","author":"NV Breneva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"42","article-title":"[The possibility of preserving the causative agent of plague in soil in resting (nonculturable) form].","author":"G Suchkov Iu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"662","article-title":"La peste bubonique a Hong-Kong.","volume":"8","author":"A Yersin","year":"1894","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/016154-0","article-title":"Long-term persistence of virulent <italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic> in soil.","volume":"154","author":"S Ayyadurai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.4.2166-2171.2003","article-title":"Survival of <italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic> on environmental surfaces.","volume":"69","author":"LJ Rose","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"285","article-title":"Hygeien Rundschau","volume":"7","author":"Wilm","year":"1897"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1139\/W09-061","article-title":"Detection of <italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic> over time in seeded bottled water samples by cultivation on heart infusion agar.","volume":"55","author":"SD Torosian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"93","article-title":"The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria.","author":"JD Oliver","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Microbiol 43 Spec No"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria in food Environments.","author":"JD Oliver","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.04.014","article-title":"Enumeration of viable <italic>E. coli<\/italic> in rivers and wastewaters by fluorescent in situ hybridization.","volume":"58","author":"T Garcia-Armisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiological Methods"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02706.x","article-title":"Formation of nonculturable <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> in drinking water.","volume":"99","author":"PR Bjergb\u00e6k LA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2005.040","article-title":"Induction of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> and <italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic> into the viable but nonculturable state following chlorination of wastewater.","volume":"3","author":"JD Oliver","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02439275","article-title":"Periodic culturing of nonculturable <italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/italic> forms.","volume":"129","author":"LS Buzoleva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"263","article-title":"[Virulence of <italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/italic> strains isolated from environment as a threat to human epidemic].","volume":"57","author":"I Czyzewska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.60.8.2977-2984.1994","article-title":"Survival, physiological response and recovery of enteric bacteria exposed to a polar marine environment.","volume":"60","author":"JJ Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"13","article-title":"[Nonculturable forms of <italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/italic> in the soils of a natural focus of pseudotuberculosis].","author":"VV Troitskaia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00686.x","article-title":"<italic>Francisella tularensis<\/italic> does not manifest virulence in viable but non-culturable state.","volume":"31","author":"M Forsman","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1139\/W09-060","article-title":"A refrigeration temperature of 4 degrees C does not prevent static growth of <italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic> in heart infusion broth.","volume":"55","author":"SD Torosian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"365","article-title":"Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment.","volume":"51","author":"DB Roszak","year":"1987","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.53.12.2889-2893.1987","article-title":"Metabolic activity of bacterial cells enumerated by direct viable count.","volume":"53","author":"DB Roszak","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.60.10.3573-3578.1994","article-title":"Methionine uptake and cytopathogenicity of viable but nonculturable <italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/italic> type 1.","volume":"60","author":"I Rahman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.25.2.101-121.1933","article-title":"Application of Statistics to Problems in Bacteriology: I. A Means of Determining Bacterial Population by the Dilution Method.","volume":"25","author":"HO Halvorson","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01476.x","article-title":"Resuscitation rate in different enterococcal species in the viable but non-culturable state.","volume":"91","author":"MM Lleo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.3.1002-1005.1997","article-title":"Resuscitation of <italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/italic> from the Viable but Nonculturable State.","volume":"63","author":"MD Whitesides","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00051-07","article-title":"Monochloramine inactivation of bacterial select agents.","volume":"73","author":"LJ Rose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00200.x","article-title":"Recent findings on the viable but nonculturable state in pathogenic bacteria.","volume":"34","author":"JD Oliver","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050741","article-title":"Restoration of culturability of starvation-stressed and low-temperature-stressed <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> O157 cells by using H2O2-degrading compounds.","volume":"172","author":"Y Mizunoe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.55.11.2837-2842.1989","article-title":"Membrane fatty acid and virulence changes in the viable but nonculturable state of <italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/italic>.","volume":"55","author":"K Linder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02243-06","article-title":"Retention of virulence in a viable but nonculturable <italic>Edwardsiella tarda<\/italic> isolate.","volume":"73","author":"M Du","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043","article-title":"<italic>Yersinia pestis<\/italic>, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of <italic>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis<\/italic>.","volume":"96","author":"M Achtman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.18.5070-5075.2000","article-title":"Recovery of Hydrogen Peroxide-Sensitive Culturable Cells of <italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/italic> Gives the Appearance of Resuscitation from a Viable but Nonculturable State.","volume":"182","author":"G Bogosian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6739","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.23.6739-6745.2002","article-title":"The viable but nonculturable state and starvation are different stress responses of Enterococcus faecalis, as determined by proteome analysis.","volume":"184","author":"S Heim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00032","article-title":"Viability of the Nonculturable <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> O1 and O139.","volume":"24","author":"S Chaiyanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Systematic and Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"202","article-title":"Morphology and adhesion of <italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/italic> to chicken skin under varying conditions.","volume":"17","author":"KI Jang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20263","article-title":"Use of multiparameter analysis for <italic>Vibrio alginolyticus<\/italic> viable but nonculturable state determination.","volume":"69A","author":"MC Albertini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytometry Part A"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.5.2047-2053.1997","article-title":"Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable <italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/italic> Philadelphia JR32 by <italic>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/italic>.","volume":"63","author":"M Steinert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6188-2","article-title":"Bacterial resuscitation factors: revival of viable but non-culturable bacteria.","volume":"63","author":"NH Keep","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.32.4.617-622.1976","article-title":"Morphological characterization of small cells resulting from nutrient starvation of a psychrophilic marine vibrio.","volume":"32","author":"JA Novitsky","year":"1976","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01150.x","article-title":"Ultrastructure of coccoid viable but non-culturable <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>.","volume":"9","author":"Saipin Chaiyanan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2003.00497.x","article-title":"Involvement of <italic>rpoS<\/italic> in the survival of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> in the viable but non-culturable state.","volume":"5","author":"M Boaretti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiology"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T07:09:22Z","timestamp":1592377762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017585"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Hensel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017585","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]]}}}