{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T23:56:20Z","timestamp":1794441380829,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,14]],"date-time":"2011-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300060800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T19:01:31Z","timestamp":1300302091000},"page":"e17739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":512,"title":["IL-21 and IL-6 Are Critical for Different Aspects of B Cell Immunity and Redundantly Induce Optimal Follicular Helper CD4 T Cell (Tfh) Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Danelle","family":"Eto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"DiToro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burton","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania C.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Kageyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isharat","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Crotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2004.02.008","article-title":"Immunological memory in humans.","volume":"16","author":"S Crotty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001001","article-title":"Germinal centers.","volume":"12","author":"IC MacLennan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.07.009","article-title":"Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics.","volume":"27","author":"CDC Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175870","article-title":"Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation.","volume":"325","author":"RJ Johnston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176676","article-title":"Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells.","volume":"325","author":"RI Nurieva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.07.002","article-title":"The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment.","volume":"31","author":"D Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.05.009","article-title":"Generation of T follicular helper cells is mediated by interleukin-21 but independent of T helper 1, 2, or 17 cell lineages.","volume":"29","author":"RI Nurieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Follicular Helper CD4 T Cells (T(FH)).","author":"S Crotty","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function.","volume":"192","author":"P Schaerli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1545","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cells express CXC chemokine receptor 5, localize to B cell follicles, and support immunoglobulin production.","volume":"192","author":"D Breitfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.12.1373","article-title":"Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells.","volume":"193","author":"CH Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5099","article-title":"Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in follicular Th cell positioning and appearance of a programmed cell death gene-1high germinal center-associated subpopulation.","volume":"179","author":"NM Haynes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-11-4494","article-title":"Balanced expression of CXCR5 and CCR7 on follicular T helper cells determines their transient positioning to lymph node follicles and is essential for efficient B-cell help.","volume":"106","author":"S Hardtke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81798-5","article-title":"A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen.","volume":"87","author":"R F\u00f6rster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2340","article-title":"The role of ICOS in the CXCR5+ follicular B helper T cell maintenance in vivo.","volume":"175","author":"H Akiba","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636136","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression.","volume":"36","author":"A-U Rasheed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903505","article-title":"Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cell IL-4 Production Is Dependent on Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Receptor (CD150).","volume":"185","author":"I Yusuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1714","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity.","volume":"5","author":"CG Vinuesa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090344","article-title":"T follicular helper (TFH) cells in normal and dysregulated immune responses.","volume":"26","author":"C King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1837","article-title":"Effectors and memories: Bcl-6 and Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocyte differentiation.","volume":"11","author":"S Crotty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072057","article-title":"Development and characterization of IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells.","volume":"205","author":"A Suto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.06.001","article-title":"A fundamental role for interleukin-21 in the generation of T follicular helper cells.","volume":"29","author":"A Vogelzang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.68","article-title":"T follicular helper cells express a distinctive transcriptional profile, reflecting their role as non-Th1\/Th2 effector cells that provide help for B cells.","volume":"173","author":"T Chtanova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175194","article-title":"A vital role for interleukin-21 in the control of a chronic viral infection.","volume":"324","author":"JS Yi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091738","article-title":"IL-21 acts directly on B cells to regulate Bcl-6 expression and germinal center responses.","volume":"207","author":"MA Linterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091777","article-title":"IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism.","volume":"207","author":"D Zotos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904023","article-title":"In vivo regulation of bcl6 and T follicular helper cell development.","volume":"185","author":"AC Poholek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-154682","article-title":"Interleukin-6\/STAT3 signaling regulates the ability of naive T cells to acquire B-cell help capacities.","volume":"113","author":"F Eddahri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05969","article-title":"Essential autocrine regulation by IL-21 in the generation of inflammatory T cells.","volume":"448","author":"R Nurieva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05970","article-title":"IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cells.","volume":"448","author":"T Korn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34605","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705100200","article-title":"IL-21 is produced by Th17 cells and drives IL-17 production in a STAT3-dependent manner.","volume":"282","author":"L Wei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090316","article-title":"Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for cancer and autoimmunity.","volume":"26","author":"R Spolski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081571","article-title":"The induction of antibody production by IL-6 is indirectly mediated by IL-21 produced by CD4+ T cells.","volume":"206","author":"O Dienz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.08.018","article-title":"The effects of IL-6 on CD4 T cell responses.","volume":"130","author":"O Dienz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/368339a0","article-title":"Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice.","volume":"368","author":"M Kopf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.817","article-title":"SAP regulation of follicular helper CD4 T cell development and humoral immunity is independent of SLAM and Fyn kinase.","volume":"178","author":"MM McCausland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.64","article-title":"Early commitment of na\u00efve human CD4(+) T cells to the T follicular helper (T(FH)) cell lineage is induced by IL-12.","volume":"87","author":"CS Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1320","article-title":"Transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 regulates T cell homeostasis and function.","volume":"7","author":"GA Martins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5361","article-title":"Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6.","volume":"173","author":"K Ozaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.008","article-title":"Analysis of interleukin-21-induced Prdm1 gene regulation reveals functional cooperation of STAT3 and IRF4 transcription factors.","volume":"31","author":"H Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.12.5257.bloodjournal87125257","article-title":"BCL-6 expression during B-cell activation.","volume":"87","author":"D Allman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.04.020","article-title":"Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer cells.","volume":"9","author":"Y Saito","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030407","article-title":"Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation.","volume":"374","author":"PC Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077002","article-title":"A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production.","volume":"298","author":"K Ozaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01318","article-title":"SAP is required for generating long-term humoral immunity.","volume":"421","author":"S Crotty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091706","article-title":"B cell-intrinsic signaling through IL-21 receptor and STAT3 is required for establishing long-lived antibody responses in humans.","volume":"207","author":"DT Avery","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090241","article-title":"Regulation and functions of Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocytes.","volume":"26","author":"G Martins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4805","article-title":"STAT3-mediated up-regulation of BLIMP1 Is coordinated with BCL6 down-regulation to control human plasma cell differentiation.","volume":"180","author":"SA Diehl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174182","article-title":"IL-21 is required to control chronic viral infection.","volume":"324","author":"H Elsaesser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00078-9","article-title":"Inhibition of Th1 differentiation by IL-6 is mediated by SOCS1.","volume":"13","author":"S Diehl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3721","article-title":"IL-21 inhibits IFN-gamma production in developing Th1 cells through the repression of Eomesodermin expression.","volume":"177","author":"A Suto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7867","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.7867","article-title":"IL-21 induces differentiation of human naive and memory B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells.","volume":"175","author":"R Ettinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8180","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8180","article-title":"Cytokine-mediated regulation of human B cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells: predominant role of IL-21 produced by CXCR5+ T follicular helper cells.","volume":"179","author":"VL Bryant","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.6.1817","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is a growth factor for nonmalignant human plasmablasts.","volume":"97","author":"G Jego","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.3.705","article-title":"Cytokine-induced proliferation and immunoglobulin production of human B lymphocytes triggered through their CD40 antigen.","volume":"173","author":"F Rousset","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.2.701","article-title":"Reactive plasmacytoses are expansions of plasmablasts retaining the capacity to differentiate into plasma cells.","volume":"94","author":"G Jego","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.2.685.bloodjournal862685","article-title":"Biologic effects of anti-interleukin-6 murine monoclonal antibody in advanced multiple myeloma.","volume":"86","author":"R Bataille","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.4.863.bloodjournal854863","article-title":"Interleukin-6 in human multiple myeloma.","volume":"85","author":"B Klein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118932","article-title":"Endogenous interleukin 6 production in multiple myeloma patients treated with chimeric monoclonal anti-IL6 antibodies indicates the existence of a positive feed-back loop.","volume":"98","author":"HC van Zaanen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00208-5","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce plasma cell differentiation through type I interferon and interleukin 6.","volume":"19","author":"G Jego","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4042","article-title":"Immunization-induced perturbation of human blood plasma cell pool: progressive maturation, IL-6 responsiveness, and high PRDI-BF1\/BLIMP1 expression are critical distinctions between antigen-specific and nonspecific plasma cells.","volume":"176","author":"I Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1572","article-title":"Regulation of plasma-cell development.","volume":"5","author":"M Shapiro-Shelef","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.10.1895","article-title":"Interleukin 6 influences germinal center development and antibody production via a contribution of C3 complement component.","volume":"188","author":"M Kopf","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxp041","article-title":"IL-6 produced by immune complex-activated follicular dendritic cells promotes germinal center reactions, IgG responses and somatic hypermutation.","volume":"21","author":"Y Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.162.5.1726","article-title":"Serological, biochemical, and functional identity of B cell-stimulatory factor 1 and B cell differentiation factor for IgG1.","volume":"162","author":"ES Vitetta","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.155.3.914","article-title":"Identification of a T cell-derived b cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2.","volume":"155","author":"M Howard","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1715","article-title":"Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire.","volume":"10","author":"RL Reinhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090303","article-title":"T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens.","volume":"206","author":"AG Zaretsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090313","article-title":"IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells.","volume":"206","author":"IL King","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07345","article-title":"SAP-controlled T-B cell interactions underlie germinal centre formation.","volume":"455","author":"H Qi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.07.015","article-title":"Follicular helper T cell differentiation requires continuous antigen presentation that is independent of unique B cell signaling.","volume":"33","author":"EK Deenick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001730","article-title":"Phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in T cells regulates the magnitude of the germinal center reaction.","volume":"185","author":"J Rolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1488","article-title":"IL-6 programs T(H)-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways.","volume":"8","author":"L Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7558","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803666","article-title":"The T cell STAT signaling network is reprogrammed within hours of bacteremia via secondary signals.","volume":"182","author":"AN Hotson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2871","article-title":"Critical role for Stat3 in T-dependent terminal differentiation of IgG B cells.","volume":"107","author":"JL Fornek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101212","article-title":"Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*).","volume":"28","author":"J Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903839","article-title":"B and T lymphocyte attenuator suppresses IL-21 production from follicular Th cells and subsequent humoral immune responses.","volume":"185","author":"D Kashiwakuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T10:54:38Z","timestamp":1592391278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lisa Ng Fong","family":"Poh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,14]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739","relation":{"has-part":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739.g001","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739.g002","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739.g003","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739.g004","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739.g005","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017739.g006","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,14]]}}}