{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:55:20Z","timestamp":1792266920236,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T17:01:16Z","timestamp":1301590876000},"page":"e18373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Wnt5a Regulates Midbrain Dopaminergic Axon Growth and Guidance"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Brette D.","family":"Blakely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Bye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chathurini V.","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm K.","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Macheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Stacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare L.","family":"Parish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.01.003","article-title":"Getting connected in the dopamine system.","volume":"85","author":"DM Van den Heuvel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.03.009","article-title":"Disruption of EphA\/ephrin-a signaling in the nigrostriatal system reduces dopaminergic innervation and dissociates behavioral responses to amphetamine and cocaine.","volume":"26","author":"BA Sieber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02090.1999","article-title":"Specification of distinct dopaminergic neural pathways: roles of the Eph family receptor EphB1 and ligand ephrin-B2.","volume":"19","author":"Y Yue","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05523.x","article-title":"EphB1 null mice exhibit neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars reticulata and spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity.","volume":"25","author":"AB Richards","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00030-X","article-title":"Aberrant trajectory of ascending dopaminergic pathway in mice lacking Nkx2.1.","volume":"182","author":"H Kawano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"162","article-title":"Food allergy mediated by IgG antibodies associated with migraine in adults.","volume":"54","author":"CM Arroyave Hernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Alerg Mex"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"2291","article-title":"Vasoinhibins prevent retinal vasopermeability associated with diabetic retinopathy in rats via protein phosphatase 2A-dependent eNOS inactivation.","volume":"118","author":"C Garcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21503","article-title":"Semaphorins 3A, 3C, and 3F in mesencephalic dopaminergic axon pathfinding.","volume":"506","author":"HL Hernandez-Montiel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12542","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2521-09.2009","article-title":"Semaphorin 3F is a bifunctional guidance cue for dopaminergic axons and controls their fasciculation, channeling, rostral growth, and intracortical targeting.","volume":"29","author":"SM Kolk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.11.009","article-title":"Netrin-1 and slit-2 regulate and direct neurite growth of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"28","author":"L Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0119","article-title":"Axonal growth regulation of fetal and embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons by Netrin-1 and Slits.","volume":"24","author":"L Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.19.4201","article-title":"Engrailed-1 and netrin-1 regulate axon pathfinding by association interneurons that project to motor neurons.","volume":"126","author":"H Saueressig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01128","article-title":"Engrailed genes are cell-autonomously required to prevent apoptosis in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"131","author":"L Alberi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007007","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog is a chemoattractant for midbrain dopaminergic axons.","volume":"4","author":"R Hammond","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90385-R","article-title":"The Wnt-1 (int-1) proto-oncogene is required for development of a large region of the mouse brain.","volume":"62","author":"AP McMahon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/346847a0","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the murine int-1 proto-oncogene resulting in severe abnormalities in midbrain and cerebellar development.","volume":"346","author":"KR Thomas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/383332a0","article-title":"Engrailed-1 as a target of the Wnt-1 signalling pathway in vertebrate midbrain development.","volume":"383","author":"PS Danielian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1159\/000092086","article-title":"Function of Wnts in dopaminergic neuron development.","volume":"3","author":"G Castelo-Branco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.03022.x","article-title":"Purified Wnt-5a increases differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic cells and dishevelled phosphorylation.","volume":"92","author":"G Schulte","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32273","article-title":"Wnt5a-treated midbrain neural stem cells improve dopamine cell replacement therapy in parkinsonian mice.","volume":"118","author":"CL Parish","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1534900100","article-title":"Differential regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development by Wnt-1, Wnt-3a, and Wnt-5a.","volume":"100","author":"G Castelo-Branco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.09.014","article-title":"Ventral midbrain glia express region-specific transcription factors and regulate dopaminergic neurogenesis through Wnt-5a secretion.","volume":"31","author":"G Castelo-Branco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003517","article-title":"Wnt5a regulates ventral midbrain morphogenesis and the development of A9-A10 dopaminergic cells in vivo.","volume":"3","author":"ER Andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02181","article-title":"A Wnt1-regulated genetic network controls the identity and fate of midbrain-dopaminergic progenitors in vivo.","volume":"133","author":"N Prakash","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.06.015","article-title":"Wnt signaling in axon guidance.","volume":"27","author":"Y Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2007.00536.x","article-title":"Wnt signaling and neurite outgrowth: insights and questions.","volume":"98","author":"Y Endo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02592","article-title":"Frizzled\/RYK mediated signalling in axon guidance.","volume":"133","author":"P Bovolenta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-4552-2","article-title":"Wnt signaling: multiple functions in neural development.","volume":"62","author":"F Ille","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.019","article-title":"Mammalian Ryk is a Wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth.","volume":"119","author":"W Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.04.003","article-title":"Wnts: up-and-coming at the synapse.","volume":"30","author":"SD Speese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1520","article-title":"Ryk-mediated Wnt repulsion regulates posterior-directed growth of corticospinal tract.","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.01.006","article-title":"Morphogens as conserved axon guidance cues.","volume":"17","author":"Y Zou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0183-09.2009","article-title":"Wnt5a induces simultaneous cortical axon outgrowth and repulsive axon guidance through distinct signaling mechanisms.","volume":"29","author":"L Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01522","article-title":"Wnt-mediated axon guidance via the Drosophila Derailed receptor.","volume":"422","author":"S Yoshikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5840","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1175-06.2006","article-title":"The Wnt receptor Ryk is required for Wnt5a-mediated axon guidance on the contralateral side of the corpus callosum.","volume":"26","author":"TR Keeble","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.005","article-title":"Ryk: a novel Wnt receptor regulating axon pathfinding.","volume":"38","author":"TR Keeble","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040115","article-title":"Purified Wnt5a protein activates or inhibits beta-catenin-TCF signaling depending on receptor context.","volume":"4","author":"AJ Mikels","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.03.011","article-title":"Wnt5a functions in planar cell polarity regulation in mice.","volume":"306","author":"D Qian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151250","article-title":"Wnt5a control of cell polarity and directional movement by polarized redistribution of adhesion receptors.","volume":"320","author":"ES Witze","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.6.1211","article-title":"A Wnt5a pathway underlies outgrowth of multiple structures in the vertebrate embryo.","volume":"126","author":"TP Yamaguchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02223","article-title":"Neurogenin 2 is required for the development of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"133","author":"J Kele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111152398","article-title":"Visualization, direct isolation, and transplantation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"98","author":"K Sawamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.01.032","article-title":"Dynamic temporal and cell type-specific expression of Wnt signaling components in the developing midbrain.","volume":"312","author":"N Rawal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR.","volume":"29","author":"MW Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32127","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.45.32127","article-title":"Biosynthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor-D involves proteolytic processing which generates non-covalent homodimers.","volume":"274","author":"SA Stacker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"19","article-title":"Rho kinase inhibitors Y27632 and H1152 augment neurite extension in the presence of cultured Schwann cells.","volume":"3","author":"EO Fuentes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.03.005","article-title":"Survival motor neuron deficiency enhances progression in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model.","volume":"34","author":"BJ Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90204-P","article-title":"Multipotent neural cell lines can engraft and participate in development of mouse cerebellum.","volume":"68","author":"EY Snyder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1988.tb00954.x","article-title":"The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis.","volume":"96","author":"HJ Gundersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092310411","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in thesubdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator.","volume":"231","author":"MJ West","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anatomical Record"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05147.2001","article-title":"The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbors.","volume":"21","author":"CL Parish","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902960102","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the number of neurons in the human hippocampus.","volume":"296","author":"MJ West","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1990.tb02967.x","article-title":"The total number of neurons in the human neocortex unbiasedly estimated using optical disectors.","volume":"157","author":"H Braendgaard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Microscopy"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04112.2000","article-title":"Local directional cues control growth polarity of dopaminergic axons along the rostrocaudal axis.","volume":"20","author":"S Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16053","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4508-10.2010","article-title":"Wnt\/planar cell polarity signaling controls the anterior-posterior organization of monoaminergic axons in the brainstem.","volume":"30","author":"AG Fenstermaker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/6966","article-title":"Induction of a midbrain dopaminergic phenotype in Nurr1-overexpressing neural stem cells by type 1 astrocytes.","volume":"17","author":"J Wagner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-19-08563.2002","article-title":"Frizzled-3 is required for the development of major fiber tracts in the rostral CNS.","volume":"22","author":"Y Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3221-05.2006","article-title":"Axonal growth and guidance defects in Frizzled3 knock-out mice: a comparison of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, neurofilament staining, and genetically directed cell labeling.","volume":"26","author":"Y Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7569","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1445-09.2009","article-title":"Wnt5a mediates nerve growth factor-dependent axonal branching and growth in developing sympathetic neurons.","volume":"29","author":"D Bodmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/34848","article-title":"Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family of secreted proteins and functions in head induction.","volume":"391","author":"A Glinka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2006.08.011","article-title":"Wnt-3a utilizes a novel low dose and rapid pathway that does not require casein kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Dvl to activate beta-catenin.","volume":"19","author":"V Bryja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901800310","article-title":"Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain. IV. Topography of the dopamine projection to the basal forebrain and neostriatum.","volume":"180","author":"JH Fallon","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"55","article-title":"Dopamine-containing systems in the CNS;","author":"A Bjorklund","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02772","article-title":"Tissue\/planar cell polarity in vertebrates: new insights and new questions.","volume":"134","author":"Y Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Fzd3 and Fzd6 deficiency results in a severe midbrain morphogenesis defect.","author":"S Stuebner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Emerging mechanisms in morphogen-mediated axon guidance.","author":"C Sanchez-Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioessays"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0018373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T18:38:56Z","timestamp":1637433536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0018373"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Branden","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0018373","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.11801956.12898054","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]]}}}