{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:13:29Z","timestamp":1792293209486,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]],"date-time":"2011-05-16T16:59:59Z","timestamp":1305565199000},"page":"e19252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["In Vivo Electroporation Enhances the Immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00545987","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Vasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Schlesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Hannaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Dugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Boente-Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roselle","family":"Vittorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanne","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine H.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Tarragona-Fiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilbinder K.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Cheeseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Len","family":"Dally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub T.","family":"Kopycinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456302","article-title":"Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein.","volume":"259","author":"JB Ulmer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.2.633","article-title":"DNA vaccines: progress and challenges.","volume":"175","author":"JJ Donnelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2326","article-title":"DNA vaccines: precision tools for activating effective immunity against cancer.","volume":"8","author":"J Rice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.476","article-title":"Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine.","volume":"282","author":"R Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00447-X","article-title":"epatitis DNA vaccine induces protective antibody responses in human nonresponders to conventional vaccination.","volume":"21","author":"ST Rottinghaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.02.050","article-title":"Phase I clinical evaluation of a six-plasmid multiclade HIV-1 DNA candidate vaccine.","volume":"25","author":"AT Catanzaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1086\/509259","article-title":"Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Multiclade HIV-1 Candidate DNA Vaccine.","volume":"194","author":"BS Graham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2432","article-title":"DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?","volume":"9","author":"MA Kutzler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/nm881","article-title":"Enhanced T-cell immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines boosted by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara in humans.","volume":"9","author":"SJ McConkey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071331","article-title":"An HIV-1 clade C DNA prime, NYVAC boost vaccine regimen induces reliable, polyfunctional, and long-lasting T cell responses.","volume":"205","author":"A Harari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.071","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant low-dosage HIV-1 A vaccine candidates vectored by plasmid pTHr DNA or modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in humans in East Africa.","volume":"26","author":"W Jaoko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4717","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.10.4717-4728.2006","article-title":"Induction of multifunctional human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T cells capable of proliferation in healthy subjects by using a prime-boost regimen of DNA- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara-vectored vaccines expressing HIV-1 Gag coupled to CD8+ T-cell epitopes.","volume":"80","author":"N Goonetilleke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.12.060","article-title":"Cross-subtype antibody and cellular immune responses induced by a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccine in healthy human volunteers.","volume":"26","author":"S Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.11.2.351-357.2004","article-title":"Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to adenoviral serotypes 5 and 35 in the adult populations of The Gambia, South Africa, and the United States.","volume":"11","author":"E Nwanegbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.145","article-title":"International epidemiology of human pre-existing adenovirus (Ad) type-5, type-6, type-26 and type-36 neutralizing antibodies: correlates of high Ad5 titers and implications for potential HIV vaccine trials.","volume":"28","author":"TC Mast","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6516-6522.2005","article-title":"Replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 vectors elicit durable cellular and humoral immune responses in nonhuman primates.","volume":"79","author":"S Santra","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.2.2.2620","article-title":"Preclinical and clinical safety studies on DNA vaccines.","volume":"2","author":"JA Schalk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1159\/000053994","article-title":"Plasmid DNA vaccines: tissue distribution and effects of DNA sequence, adjuvants and delivery method on integration into host DNA.","volume":"43","author":"S Manam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300847","article-title":"Electropermeabilization of skeletal muscle enhances gene transfer in vivo.","volume":"6","author":"I Mathiesen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.9.4635","article-title":"Increased DNA vaccine delivery and immunogenicity by electroporation in vivo.","volume":"164","author":"G Widera","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2004.01.015","article-title":"Increased gene expression and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by electroporation are both important for improving the efficacy of DNA vaccines.","volume":"110","author":"S Babiuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5643","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02564-07","article-title":"Recruitment of antigen-presenting cells to the site of inoculation and augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA vaccine immunogenicity by in vivo electroporation.","volume":"82","author":"J Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00269-4","article-title":"Electroporation improves the efficacy of DNA vaccines in large animals.","volume":"20","author":"S Babiuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.014","article-title":"Enhancement of immune responses to an HBV DNA vaccine by electroporation.","volume":"24","author":"A Luxembourg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.021","article-title":"DNA electroporation prime and protein boost strategy enhances humoral immunity of tuberculosis DNA vaccines in mice and non-human primates.","volume":"24","author":"Z Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.11.017","article-title":"Smallpox DNA vaccine delivered by novel skin electroporation device protects mice against intranasal poxvirus challenge.","volume":"25","author":"JW Hooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00055-07","article-title":"Effect of plasmid DNA vaccine design and in vivo electroporation on the resulting vaccine-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques.","volume":"81","author":"A Luckay","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.06.036","article-title":"Enhancement of antibody and cellular immune responses to malaria DNA vaccines by in vivo electroporation.","volume":"25","author":"C Doba\u00f1o","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.036","article-title":"Combined effects of IL-12 and electroporation enhances the potency of DNA vaccination in macaques.","volume":"26","author":"LA Hirao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.111","article-title":"Comparative performance of a licensed anthrax vaccine versus electroporation based delivery of a PA encoding DNA vaccine in rhesus macaques.","volume":"28","author":"BD Livingston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.090","article-title":"Increased immune responses in rhesus macaques by DNA vaccination combined with electroporation.","volume":"26","author":"M Rosati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806901105","article-title":"A consensus-hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine that protects mice against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses.","volume":"105","author":"MW Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2007.05.016","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy in treatment of tumours.","volume":"34","author":"G Sersa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14646","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404896101","article-title":"DNA vaccines to attack cancer.","volume":"101","author":"FK Stevenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.067","article-title":"DNA vaccination with electroporation induces increased antibody responses in patients with prostate cancer.","volume":"20","author":"L Low","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181651b9d","article-title":"Design, construction, and characterization of a dual-promoter multigenic DNA vaccine directed against an HIV-1 subtype C\/B' recombinant.","volume":"47","author":"Y Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","first-page":"e8617, p1","article-title":"Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of ADVAX, a Multigenic, DNA-based Clade C\/B' HIV-1 Candidate Vaccine.","volume":"5","author":"S Vasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.072","article-title":"EV02: a Phase I trial to compare the safety and immunogenicity of HIV DNA-C prime-NYVAC-C boost to NYVAC-C alone.","volume":"26","author":"S McCormack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.11.070","article-title":"Comparative ability of plasmid IL-12 and IL-15 to enhance cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by a SIVgag plasmid DNA vaccine and alter disease progression following SHIV89.6P challenge in rhesus macaques.","volume":"25","author":"SY Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2009.00927.x","article-title":"The aging of the immune system.","volume":"22","author":"D Weiskopf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1086\/648591","article-title":"Comparative cell-mediated immunogenicity of DNA\/DNA, DNA\/adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), or Ad5\/Ad5 HIV-1 clade B gag vaccine prime-boost regimens.","volume":"201","author":"DM Asmuth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-4818","article-title":"HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells.","volume":"107","author":"MR Betts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124226","article-title":"Preserved CD4+ central memory T cells and survival in vaccinated SIV-challenged monkeys.","volume":"312","author":"NL Letvin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.2741\/2235","article-title":"T-Cell Immune Responses to HIV-1.","volume":"12","author":"S Vasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Biosci"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T01:05:51Z","timestamp":1592528751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019252"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0019252","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.11118956.12082054","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.11118956.12903054","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,16]]}}}