{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:02:32Z","timestamp":1787371352716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,6]],"date-time":"2011-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1307318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T16:52:05Z","timestamp":1308329525000},"page":"e20942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Under Pressure: Response Urgency Modulates Striatal and Insula Activity during Decision-Making under Risk"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Minati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo D.","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2307\/1909829","article-title":"Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk.","volume":"22","author":"D Bernoulli","year":"1954","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Judgement Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.","author":"D Kahneman","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Descartes&apos; Error: Emotion, reason and the human brain.","author":"AR Damasio","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Cognition and Emotion: Listen to the brain:","author":"J LeDoux","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(81)90001-9","article-title":"The effect of time pressure of risky choice behaviour.","volume":"47","author":"H Ben Zur","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.11.3.538","article-title":"Decision making under uncertainty: a comparison of simple scalability, fixed-sample, and sequential-sampling models.","volume":"11","author":"JR Busemeyer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037186","article-title":"The harassed decision maker: time pressures, distractions and the use of evidence.","volume":"59","author":"P Wright","year":"1974","journal-title":"J App Psych"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.016","article-title":"Prospect theory on the brain? Toward a cognitive neuroscience of decision under risk.","volume":"23","author":"C Trepel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4286-07.2008","article-title":"Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk.","volume":"28","author":"K Preuschoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0642-05.2005","article-title":"Distributed neural representation of expected value.","volume":"25","author":"B Knutson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2007.19.2.442","article-title":"The basal ganglia and cortex implement optimal decision making between alternative actions.","volume":"19","author":"R Bogacz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805903105","article-title":"Striatum and pre-SMA facilitate decision-making under time pressure.","volume":"105","author":"BU Forstmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15916","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004932107","article-title":"Cortico-striatal connections predict control over speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making.","volume":"107","author":"BU Forstmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","article-title":"How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness.","volume":"10","author":"AD Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.05.001","article-title":"A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty.","volume":"13","author":"T Singer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.09.009","article-title":"The hidden island of addiction: the insula.","volume":"32","author":"NH Naqvi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910902934400","article-title":"The effects of insula damage on decision-making for risky gains and losses.","volume":"4","author":"JA Weller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn066","article-title":"Differential effects of insular and ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions on risky decision-making.","volume":"131","author":"L Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134239","article-title":"The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk.","volume":"315","author":"SM Tom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5070-04.2005","article-title":"Decisions under uncertainty: probabilistic context influences activation of prefrontal and parietal cortices.","volume":"25","author":"SA Huettel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1514","article-title":"Regret and its avoidance: a neuroimaging study of choice behavior.","volume":"8","author":"G Coricelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077349","article-title":"Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons.","volume":"299","author":"CD Fiorillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/77739","article-title":"The influence of urgency on decision time.","volume":"3","author":"BA Reddi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.012","article-title":"Psychophysiology of neural, cognitive and affective integration: fMRI and autonomic indicants.","volume":"73","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076358","article-title":"Emotion, cognition, and behavior.","volume":"298","author":"RJ Dolan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122574","article-title":"Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty.","volume":"5","author":"A Tversky","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Risk Uncertainty"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00319-4","article-title":"The basal ganglia: a vertebrate solution to the selection problem?","volume":"89","author":"P Redgrave","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.05.053","article-title":"The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system.","volume":"28","author":"V Menon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930341000338","article-title":"Stronger autonomic response accompanies better learning: A test of Damasio&apos;s somatic marker hypothesis.","volume":"18","author":"S Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295","article-title":"Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex.","volume":"10","author":"A Bechara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1102-1104","article-title":"Reply to &quot;Do somatic markers mediate decisions on the gambling task?","volume":"5","author":"H Damasio","year":"2002","journal-title":"\" Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2004.00197.x","article-title":"Heart rate and skin conductance analysis of antecendents and consequences of decision making.","volume":"41","author":"EA Crone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00702.x","article-title":"Natural selective attention: orienting and emotion.","volume":"46","author":"MM Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546396.025","article-title":"Emotion and motivation.","author":"MM Bradley","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00526.x","article-title":"Pupillary and cardiac activity during visual attention.","volume":"10","author":"WL Libby","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-03033.2000","article-title":"Neural activity relating to generation and representation of galvanic skin conductance responses: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"20","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00225-2","article-title":"Neural activity in the human brain relating to uncertainty and arousal during anticipation.","volume":"29","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12878","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1725-10.2010","article-title":"The embodiment of emotional feelings in the brain.","volume":"30","author":"NA Harrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.097","article-title":"The impact of prior risk experiences on subsequent risky decision-making: the role of the insula.","volume":"50","author":"G Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.033","article-title":"Time perception: manipulation of task difficulty dissociates clock functions from other cognitive demands.","volume":"45","author":"AC Livesey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"15","article-title":"Now or later? Striatum and insula activation to immediate versus delayed rewards. J Neurosci Psychol Econ.","volume":"3","author":"M Wittmann","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1390.010","article-title":"Integration of cognitive and motivational information in the primate lateral prefrontal cortex.","volume":"1104","author":"M Sakagami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.7.4.356","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and decision making: reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function.","volume":"7","author":"MM Botvinick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.9.825","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex and response conflict: effects of frequency, inhibition and errors.","volume":"11","author":"TS Braver","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.08.008","article-title":"The neural basis of financial risk taking.","volume":"47","author":"CM Kuhnen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00122-8","article-title":"Predicting events of varying probability: uncertainty investigated by fMRI.","volume":"19","author":"KG Volz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Thinking, feeling and deciding: The influence of emotions on the decision making and performance of traders.","author":"M Fenton-O'Creevy","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(03)00082-X","article-title":"Distinct prefrontal cortex activity associated with item memory and source memory for visual shapes.","volume":"17","author":"SD Slotnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain.","volume":"15","author":"N Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0020942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T18:07:21Z","timestamp":1560276441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0020942"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Lauwereyns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0020942","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,6]]}}}