{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:22:57Z","timestamp":1762251777975},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T20:52:00Z","timestamp":1311713520000},"page":"e22155","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Combined Treatment of Heterocyclic Analogues and Benznidazole upon Trypanosoma cruzi In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Denise da Gama Ja\u00e9n","family":"Batista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos Meuser","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Melo de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constan\u00e7a Carvalho","family":"Britto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Mondaine","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad E.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Boykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria de Nazar\u00e9 Correia","family":"Soeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761909000200008","article-title":"Nova tripanozom\u00edase humana. Estudos sobre a morfologia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum n.gen, n. sp., agente etiol\u00f3gico de nova entidade m\u00f3rbida do homem.","volume":"1","author":"C Chagas","year":"1909","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.08.024","article-title":"Prognostic impact of Chagas disease in the United States.","volume":"157","author":"J Milei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.02.005","article-title":"Clinical profile of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> infection in a non-endemic setting: immigration and Chagas disease in Barcelona (Spain).","volume":"111","author":"J Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900006","article-title":"Epidemiology, control and surveillance of Chagas disease-100 years after its discovery.","volume":"104","author":"JR Coura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"World Health Organization. Control of neglected tropical disease (NTD)","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.2.441","article-title":"Chagas&apos; disease as a foodborne illness.","volume":"72","author":"KS Pereira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.081450","article-title":"Oral transmission of Chagas disease by consumption of a\u00e7a\u00ed palm fruit, Brazil.","volume":"15","author":"AA N\u00f3brega","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"370","article-title":"Notes about of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> and yours bio-ecology characteristics with agents of the transmission by meals.","volume":"39","author":"JC Dias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000195778.08411.b8","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies to <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> among solid organ donors in Southern California: a population at risk.","volume":"81","author":"MJ Nowicki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00077.x","article-title":"<italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors: impact of evolving donor demographics on seroprevalence and implications for transfusion transmission.","volume":"42","author":"DA Leiby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"i-109","article-title":"Control of Chagas disease.","volume":"905","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.659-688.2001","article-title":"Laboratory-acquired parasitic infections from accidental exposures.","volume":"14","author":"BL Herwaldt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900021","article-title":"Chagas heart disease: pathophysiologic mechanisms, prognostic factors and risk stratification.","volume":"104","author":"A Rassi Jr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.02.001","article-title":"Perspectives on <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>-induced heart disease (Chagas disease).","volume":"51","author":"HB Tanowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652008000200001","article-title":"Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: current concepts of an old disease.","volume":"50","author":"AM Bilate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900040","article-title":"Experimental chemotherapy for Chagas disease: 15 years of research contributions from <italic>in vivo<\/italic> and <italic>in vitro<\/italic> studies.","volume":"104","author":"MNC Soeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220802623881","article-title":"<italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> targets for new chemotherapeutic approaches.","volume":"13","author":"MNC Soeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000100001","article-title":"A critical review on Chagas disease chemotherapy.","volume":"97","author":"JR Coura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.001","article-title":"Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: controversies and advances.","volume":"19","author":"JA Urbina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.14.8.957","article-title":"Aromatic diamidines as antiparasitic agents.","volume":"14","author":"MNC Soeiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467210801020151","article-title":"Diamidine Activity Against Trypanosomes: The State of the Art.","volume":"1","author":"MNC Soeiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Mol Parmacol"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"147","article-title":"Diamidines as antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial and antimalarial agents.","volume":"7","author":"K Werbovetz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.04.019","article-title":"Phenyl substitution of furamidine markedly potentiates its anti-parasitic activity against <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> and <italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/italic>.","volume":"68","author":"EM De Souza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl259","article-title":"Trypanocidal activity of the phenyl-substituted analogue of furamidine DB569 against <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> infection <italic>in vivo<\/italic>.","volume":"58","author":"EM De Souza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00038-08","article-title":"<italic>In vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> studies of the trypanocidal activity of a diarylthiophene diamidine against <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>.","volume":"52","author":"CF Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.06.004","article-title":"<italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>: activity of heterocyclic cationic molecules <italic>in vitro<\/italic>.","volume":"123","author":"MG Pacheco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01617-09","article-title":"The arylimidamide DB766: A potential chemotherapic candidate for Chagas disease.","volume":"54","author":"DGJ Batista","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900034","article-title":"Two approaches to discovering and developing new drugs for Chagas disease.","volume":"104","author":"JH McKerrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.08.002","article-title":"<italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>: effect of benznidazole therapy combined with the iron chelator desferrioxamine in infected mice.","volume":"120","author":"AF Francisco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970570i","article-title":"2,5-bis[4-(N-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans as anti-Pneumocystis carinii agents.","volume":"41","author":"DW Boykin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1021\/jm000413a","article-title":"Diguanidino and \u201creversed\u201d diamidino 2,5-diarylfurans as antimicrobial agents.","volume":"44","author":"CE Stephens","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00250-10","article-title":"Novel Arylimidamides for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis.","volume":"54","author":"MZ Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00926652","article-title":"Interaction of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> with macrophages <italic>in vitro<\/italic>: dissociation of the attachment and internalization phases by low temperature and cytochalasin B.","volume":"68","author":"MN Meirelles","year":"1982","journal-title":"Z Parasitenkd"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"386","article-title":"Therapeutic activity and criterion of cure on mice experimentally infected with <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>.","volume":"4","author":"Z Brener","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Brazilian Green Propolis: Effects <italic>In Vitro<\/italic> and <italic>In Vivo<\/italic> on <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.","author":"K Salom\u00e3o","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761993000100030","article-title":"A simple protocol for the physical cleavage of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> kinetoplast DNA present in blood samples and its use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease.","volume":"88","author":"C Britto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.771","article-title":"Use of a simplified polymerase chain reaction procedure to detect <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> in blood samples from chronic chagasic patients in a rural endemic area.","volume":"51","author":"P Wincker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90020-4","article-title":"Susceptibility and natural resistance of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> strains to drugs used clinically in Chagas disease.","volume":"81","author":"LS Filardi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2144","article-title":"Innovative lead discovery strategies for tropical diseases.","volume":"5","author":"S Nwaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900041","article-title":"Ergosterol biosynthesis and drug development for Chagas disease.","volume":"104","author":"JA Urbina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00225-09","article-title":"New treatment option for second stage African sleeping sickness: <italic>In vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> efficacy of aza analogs of DB289.","volume":"53","author":"T Wenzler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.6.921","article-title":"Pafuramidine for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in HIV-infected individuals.","volume":"5","author":"D Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.07.006","article-title":"Efficacy of the diamidine DB75 and its prodrug DB289, against murine models of human African trypanosomiasis.","volume":"108","author":"JK Thuita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.528","article-title":"Phase I\/II evaluation of the prophylactic antimalarial activity of pafuramidine in healthy volunteers challenged with <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> sporozoites.","volume":"80","author":"MM Nyunt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/430928","article-title":"Efficacy of DB289 in Thai patients with <italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/italic> or acute, uncomplicated <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> infections.","volume":"192","author":"P Yeramian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.3.666","article-title":"Anti-Pneumocystis activities of aromatic diamidoxime prodrugs.","volume":"42","author":"JE Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1744","article-title":"Drug-induced cure drives conversion to a stable and protective CD8.","volume":"14","author":"JM Bustamante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.1.150-155.2000","article-title":"Activities of the triazole derivative SCH 56592 (posaconazole) against drug-resistant strains of the protozoan parasite <italic>Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi<\/italic> in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed murine hosts.","volume":"44","author":"J Molina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob AgentsChemother"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1771","article-title":"Antiproliferative effects and mechanism of action of SCH 56592 against <italic>Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi<\/italic>: <italic>in vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> studies.","volume":"42","author":"JA Urbina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.03.020","article-title":"Activity of \u201creversed\u201d diamidines against <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro<\/italic>.","volume":"73","author":"CF Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"186","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) production during experimental Chagas&apos; disease.","volume":"73","author":"RL Tarleton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3109\/01902149309064356","article-title":"Effect of pentamidine on cytokine (IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IL-6) production by human alveolar macrophages <italic>in vitro<\/italic>.","volume":"19","author":"J Quay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050524","article-title":"Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukins 4,6, and 10 as determined in mice infected with virulent or attenuated strains of <italic>Trypanosoma cruz<\/italic>i.","volume":"85","author":"S Revelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.09.013","article-title":"Benznidazole, a drug used in Chagas&apos; disease, ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory response in mice.","volume":"76","author":"MF Pascutti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.793","article-title":"Beneficial effects of benznidazole during an infectious-based situation of systemic inflammatory response: cecal ligation and puncture.","volume":"79","author":"R Manarin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2001.00203.x","article-title":"TNF-alpha is expressed at sites of parasite and tissue destruction in the spleen of mice acutely infected with <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>.","volume":"82","author":"ES Lima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(91)90019-F","article-title":"Is TNF alpha involved in early susceptibility of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>-infected C3H\/He mice?","volume":"142","author":"N Starobinas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Res Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T10:40:39Z","timestamp":1560422439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022155"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Silvia N.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]}}}