{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1790511292875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313020800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T22:59:20Z","timestamp":1313103560000},"page":"e22987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Repeated Exposure to Severely Limited Sleep Results in Distinctive and Persistent Physiological Imbalances in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Everson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniko","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1965.tb00794.x","article-title":"Adaptation of mice to cold.","volume":"40","author":"SA Barnett","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.18.3171","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia.","volume":"204","author":"RG Boutilier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"136","article-title":"Fluid shifts and hydration state: effects of long-term exercise.","volume":"12","author":"VA Convertino","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(90)90002-3","article-title":"The role of alterations in membrane lipid composition in enabling physiological adaptation of organisms to their physical environment.","volume":"29","author":"JR Hazel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(97)90160-8","article-title":"Unusual increase of lipogenesis in rat white adipose tissue after multiple cycles of starvation-refeeding.","volume":"46","author":"Z Kochan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870420","article-title":"Cold adaptation and thyroid hormone metabolism.","volume":"37","author":"P Laurberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.11.079","article-title":"Neurobiology of the metabolic syndrome: an allostatic perspective.","volume":"585","author":"G van Dijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00414.2003","article-title":"Modeling of lipid and protein depletion during total starvation.","volume":"287","author":"M Caloin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1980.239.4.E269","article-title":"Starvation in the rat. I. Effect of age and obesity on organ weights, RNA, DNA, and protein.","volume":"239","author":"MN Goodman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00230.2009","article-title":"Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes.","volume":"297","author":"CA Everson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/12.1.31","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat. V. Energy.","volume":"12","author":"BM Bergmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00021.2005","article-title":"Clinical assessment of blood leukocytes, serum cytokines, and serum immunoglobulins as responses to sleep deprivation in laboratory rats.","volume":"289","author":"CA Everson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/12.1.13","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat. III. Total sleep deprivation.","volume":"12","author":"CA Everson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00553.2003","article-title":"Reductions in circulating anabolic hormones induced by sustained sleep deprivation in rats.","volume":"286","author":"CA Everson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00558.2001","article-title":"Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA responses to hypothyroxinemia induced by sleep deprivation.","volume":"283","author":"CA Everson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06769.1994","article-title":"Effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on local rates of cerebral energy metabolism in freely moving rats.","volume":"14","author":"CA Everson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.4.285","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat: XIV. Comparison of waking hypothalamic and peritoneal temperatures.","volume":"14","author":"W Obermeyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/13.3.218","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat: XI. The effect of guanethidine-induced sympathetic blockade on the sleep deprivation syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"JJ Pilcher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"60","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat: IX. Recovery.","volume":"12","author":"CA Everson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00565.2004","article-title":"Antioxidant defense responses to sleep loss and sleep recovery.","volume":"288","author":"CA Everson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/07430402017003006","article-title":"Circadian clock resetting by sleep deprivation without exercise in Syrian hamsters: dark pulses revisited.","volume":"17","author":"RE Mistlberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(81)90145-1","article-title":"Maximal REM sleep time defines a narrower thermoneutral zone than does minimal metabolic rate.","volume":"26","author":"R Szymusiak","year":"1981","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/12.1.5","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat. II. Methodology.","volume":"12","author":"BM Bergmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R376","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.264.2.R376","article-title":"Nutritional and metabolic adaptations to prolonged sleep deprivation in the rat.","volume":"264","author":"CA Everson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.6.1143","article-title":"Recovery of body weight from below \u201cset point\u201d in mature female rats.","volume":"114","author":"RBS Harris","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1054\/ghir.2000.0173","article-title":"Comparison of methods of analysis of body composition in hypophysectomized rats treated with rat growth hormone.","volume":"10","author":"PB Johansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.","volume":"226","author":"J Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Laboratory considerations: determination of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and other lipids in blood and tissues.","author":"HK Naito","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Resampling-based multiple testing: Examples and methods for p-value adjustment","author":"PJ Westfall","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"341","article-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. I. Adhesion and emigration of mononuclear cells in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rats.","volume":"113","author":"I Joris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Hsd: Sprague Dawley(\u00aeTM)SD(\u00aeTM)","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"927","article-title":"Sleep deprivation of rats: the hyperphagic response is real.","volume":"31","author":"M Koban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(74)90018-5","article-title":"The flower pot technique of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation.","volume":"2","author":"WB Mendelson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00181-X","article-title":"Social stability attenuates the stress in the modified multiple platform method for paradoxical sleep deprivation in the rat.","volume":"68","author":"D Suchecki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760240077006","article-title":"A review of REM sleep deprivation.","volume":"32","author":"GW Vogel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(95)00020-T","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat by the disk-over-water method.","volume":"69","author":"A Rechtschaffen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02448-4","article-title":"Increases in amino-cupric-silver staining of the supraoptic nucleus after sleep deprivation.","volume":"945","author":"MM Eiland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"The physiological regulation of thirst and fluid intake.","volume":"19","author":"MJ McKinley","year":"2004","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00175.2004","article-title":"Measuring meals: structure of prandial food and water intake of rats.","volume":"288","author":"EP Zorrilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00197.2003","article-title":"White adipose tissue contributes to UCP1-independent thermogenesis.","volume":"285","author":"JG Granneman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.3.C670","article-title":"Multilocular fat cells in WAT of CL-316243-treated rats derive directly from white adipocytes.","volume":"279","author":"J Himms-Hagen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007884","article-title":"The surface area of the intestinal mucosa in the lactating rat.","volume":"183","author":"R Boyne","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.6.649","article-title":"Changes in liver and gastrointestinal tract energy demands in response to physiological workload in ruminants.","volume":"120","author":"DE Johnson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1985.249.2.G161","article-title":"Role of small intestine in pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.","volume":"249","author":"DA Popper","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.11.953","article-title":"Effect of cholera toxin on ileal water and solute transport after resection of the proximal small intestine in the rat.","volume":"22","author":"WF Townsend","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1984.246.5.E383","article-title":"Sites of protein conservation and loss during starvation: influence of adiposity.","volume":"246","author":"MN Goodman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocinol Metab"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1139\/y86-211","article-title":"Starvation-induced changes in metabolic rate, blood flow, and regional energy expenditure in rats.","volume":"64","author":"SW Ma","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.2.516","article-title":"Muscle and liver protein synthesis adapt efficiently to food deprivation and refeeding in 12-month-old rats.","volume":"126","author":"L Mosoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.7.1958S","article-title":"Energy expenditure and restriction of energy intake: could energy restriction alter energy expenditure in companion animals?","volume":"136","author":"JJ Ramsey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339402200308","article-title":"The effects of overfeeding and dietary restriction on Sprague-Dawley rat survival and early pathology biomarkers of aging.","volume":"22","author":"KP Keenan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. 1935.","volume":"5","author":"CM McCay","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1993.265.5.R1148","article-title":"Sustained sleep deprivation impairs host defense.","volume":"265","author":"CA Everson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800031-JLR200","article-title":"Adipose triglyceride lipase and the lipolytic catabolism of cellular fat stores.","volume":"50","author":"R Zechner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.207","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the cost of living in animals.","volume":"62","author":"A Hulbert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"23","article-title":"Contribution of visceral organs to animal energy expenditures.","volume":"66","author":"CL Ferrell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.3.201","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in the rat: XIII. The effect of hypothyroidism on sleep deprivation symptoms.","volume":"14","author":"JJ Pilcher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/116.8.1529","article-title":"Relationships among dietary protein, feed intake and changes in body and tissue composition of lactating rats.","volume":"116","author":"RD Sainz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x","article-title":"Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity.","volume":"9","author":"M Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"B144","article-title":"Neurocognitive monitors: toward the prevention of cognitive performance decrements and catastrophic failures in the operational environment.","volume":"78","author":"ML Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effect of sleep deprivation on cerebral glucose metabolic rate in normal humans assessed with positron emission tomography.","volume":"14","author":"JC Wu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.698","article-title":"Contributions of animal nutrition research to nutritional principles: energetics.","volume":"137","author":"DE Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000247474.56908.79","article-title":"Limits to physical performance and metabolism across species.","volume":"9","author":"N Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.413","article-title":"Leptin.","volume":"62","author":"RS Ahima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.10.012","article-title":"Caloric restriction and refeeding promoted different metabolic effects in fat depots and impaired dyslipidemic profile in rats.","volume":"24","author":"FO Duarte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.2.365","article-title":"Hypercholesterolemia of total starvation: its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol.","volume":"229","author":"JC Swaner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422899","article-title":"Effect of sleep deprivation on cholesterol metabolism and triglyceridaemia in male volunteers.","volume":"55","author":"K Vondra","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000145821.25453.f7","article-title":"Microarousals during sleep are associated with increased levels of lipids, cortisol, and blood pressure.","volume":"66","author":"M Ekstedt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2006.07.007","article-title":"Sleep restriction increases blood neutrophils, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women: a preliminary study.","volume":"56","author":"M Kerkhofs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05089.x","article-title":"Molecular correlates of sleep and wakefulness in the brain of the white-crowned sparrow.","volume":"105","author":"S Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.030","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness.","volume":"1129","author":"M Mackiewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90033-8","article-title":"Pituitary-adrenal function and hypothalamic beta-endorphin release in vitro following food deprivation.","volume":"30","author":"Y Mitev","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1450143","article-title":"Starvation-induced changes in the hypothalamic content of prothyrotrophin-releasing hormone (proTRH) mRNA and the hypothalamic release of proTRH-derived peptides: role of the adrenal gland.","volume":"145","author":"GA van Haasteren","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19910015","article-title":"The effects of fasting on plasma corticosterone kinetics in rats.","volume":"66","author":"CJ Woodward","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"881","article-title":"Energentics and Metabolic Rate. Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"AC Guyton","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.4.7895653","article-title":"Pituitary and peripheral thyroid hormone responses to thyrotropin- releasing hormone during sustained sleep deprivation in freely moving rats.","volume":"136","author":"CA Everson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90623.2008","article-title":"Phagocyte migration and cellular stress induced in liver, lung, and intestine during sleep loss and sleep recovery.","volume":"295","author":"CA Everson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01373.x","article-title":"Stress-induced changes in skin barrier function in healthy women.","volume":"117","author":"M Altemus","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.9.4454","article-title":"Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells.","volume":"158","author":"J Born","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007534","article-title":"White blood cells and cortisol after sleep deprivation and recovery sleep in humans.","volume":"250","author":"P Heiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.126.4.488","article-title":"Psychological, psychophysiological, and biochemical correlates of prolonged sleep deprivation.","volume":"126","author":"EJ Kollar","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196603000-00002","article-title":"Stress in subjects undergoing sleep deprivation.","volume":"28","author":"EJ Kollar","year":"1966","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.3.8.2785942","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on human immune functions.","volume":"3","author":"H Moldofsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"209","article-title":"Health effects of sleep deprivation.","volume":"5","author":"P Naitoh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0483","article-title":"Exposure to recurrent sleep restriction in the setting of high caloric intake and physical inactivity results in increased insulin resistance and reduced glucose tolerance.","volume":"94","author":"AV Nedeltcheva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"107","article-title":"Effects of 48 hours sleep deprivation on human immune profile.","volume":"2","author":"L Ozturk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep Res Online"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.4.362","article-title":"The effect of total sleep deprivation on plasma melatonin and cortisol in healthy human volunteers.","volume":"11","author":"RJ Salin-Pascual","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2788","article-title":"Sleep loss alters basal metabolic hormone secretion and modulates the dynamic counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia.","volume":"92","author":"SM Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5762","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1003","article-title":"Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin.","volume":"89","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-62-15364","article-title":"Effect of prolonged wakefulness on the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids.","volume":"62","author":"DB Tyler","year":"1946","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031562","article-title":"Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines.","volume":"89","author":"AN Vgontzas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/108641","article-title":"Prolonged sleep restriction affects glucose metabolism in healthy young men.","volume":"2010","author":"WMA van Leeuwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0699","article-title":"Sleep restriction for 1 week reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men.","volume":"59","author":"OM Buxton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.06.009","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cardiac autonomic and pituitary-adrenocortical stress reactivity in rats.","volume":"31","author":"A Sgoifo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(83)90333-6","article-title":"The effect of sleep deprivation and recovery sleep on plasma corticosterone in the rat.","volume":"35","author":"I Tobler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.24.2.167","article-title":"Physiological responses of men during sleep deprivation.","volume":"24","author":"V Fiorica","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26574","article-title":"Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks.","volume":"89","author":"AV Nedeltcheva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196901000-00007","article-title":"Excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and vanillylmandelic acid during 205 hours of sleep deprivation in man.","volume":"31","author":"RT Rubin","year":"1969","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008","article-title":"Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.","volume":"141","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.9.1201","article-title":"The association of sleep duration with adolescents' fat and carbohydrate consumption.","volume":"33","author":"A Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.512","article-title":"Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: results from the Quebec family study.","volume":"15","author":"JP Chaput","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0010062","article-title":"Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index.","volume":"1","author":"S Taheri","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.3.1112","article-title":"Metabolism during normal, fragmented, and recovery sleep.","volume":"71","author":"MH Bonnet","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"144","article-title":"Hormones and metabolism during sleep.","author":"E Van Cauter","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"101","article-title":"Aerobic fitness and hormonal responses to prolonged sleep deprivation and sustained mental work.","volume":"63","author":"MW Radomski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2009000300012","article-title":"Effects on prolactin secretion and binding to dopaminergic receptors in sleep-deprived lupus-prone mice.","author":"BD Palma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710070057007","article-title":"Autonomic responses to sleep deprivation.","volume":"4","author":"A Ax","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196509000-00003","article-title":"Electroencephalographic and autonomic activity during and after prolonged sleep deprivation.","volume":"27","author":"L Johnson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref108","article-title":"The operational consequences of sleep deprivation and sleep deficit","author":"LC Johnson","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref109","first-page":"309","article-title":"Psychophysiological changes after prolonged deprivation of sleep.","volume":"3","author":"P Naitoh","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00851.2009","article-title":"Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthy subjects.","volume":"108","author":"F Sauvet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00620.2004","article-title":"Increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation in normal humans with acute sleep deprivation.","volume":"98","author":"X Zhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117184","article-title":"Leukocytosis and natural killer cell function parallel neurobehavioral fatigue induced by 64 hours of sleep deprivation.","volume":"93","author":"DF Dinges","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.04.003","article-title":"The effects of 40 hours of total sleep deprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults.","volume":"21","author":"DJ Frey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1145","article-title":"Elevated inflammatory markers in response to prolonged sleep restriction are associated with increased pain experience in healthy volunteers.","volume":"30","author":"M Haack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.03.001","article-title":"Sleep-deprived mice show altered cytokine production manifest by perturbations in serum IL-1ra, TNFa, and IL-6 levels.","volume":"17","author":"J Hu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.06.001","article-title":"Sleep loss activates cellular markers of inflammation: sex differences.","volume":"24","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.16.1756","article-title":"Sleep deprivation and activation of morning levels of cellular and genomic markers of inflammation.","volume":"166","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.050","article-title":"Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk.","volume":"43","author":"HK Meier-Ewert","year":"2004","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112270","article-title":"Soluble TNF-alpha receptor 1 and IL-6 plasma levels in humans subjected to the sleep deprivation model of spaceflight.","volume":"107","author":"WT Shearer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1124","article-title":"Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"33","author":"FP Cappuccio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00663.x","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence for the links between sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism.","volume":"10","author":"JE Gangwisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.033","article-title":"Associations between sleep loss and increased risk of obesity and diabetes.","volume":"1129","author":"KL Knutson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.05.010","article-title":"A link between chronic sleep restriction and obesity: methodological considerations.","volume":"122","author":"CA Magee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.118","article-title":"Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review.","volume":"16","author":"SR Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808180106","article-title":"Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment.","volume":"106","author":"FA Scheer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.23","article-title":"Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk.","volume":"5","author":"K Spiegel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0791","article-title":"Effects of sleep fragmentation on glucose metabolism in normal subjects.","volume":"137","author":"KA Stamatakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.5.593","article-title":"Associations between short sleep duration and central obesity in women.","volume":"33","author":"J Theorell-Haglow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(08)70013-3","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss.","volume":"9","author":"E Van Cauter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1990.259.6.E770","article-title":"Mechanisms of starvation diabetes: a study with double tracer and indirect calorimetry.","volume":"259","author":"F Fery","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111982","article-title":"Influence of a 60-hour fast on insulin-mediated splanchnic and peripheral glucose metabolism in humans.","volume":"76","author":"O Bjorkman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.03.016","article-title":"Exogenous glucose oxidation is reduced with carbohydrate feeding during exercise after starvation.","volume":"58","author":"DS Rowlands","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00006","article-title":"Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity.","volume":"153","author":"AV Nedeltcheva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"1254","article-title":"Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain.","volume":"437","author":"JA Hobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.05.002","article-title":"Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis.","volume":"10","author":"G Tononi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref136","first-page":"271","article-title":"Sleep of the body.","volume":"1","author":"F Snyder","year":"1969","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref137","first-page":"19","article-title":"Theories of sleep functions and some clinical implications.","author":"WB Webb","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1159\/000124330","article-title":"Mammalian sleep, longevity, and energy metabolism.","volume":"10","author":"H Zepelin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain Behav Evol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T17:54:47Z","timestamp":1686246887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022987"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stephane","family":"Blanc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022987","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]}}}