{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:33:24Z","timestamp":1762101204549,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T07:24:08Z","timestamp":1314861848000},"page":"e24258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Functional Electrical Stimulation of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles under Varying Loads in Exercising Horses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jon","family":"Cheetham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Regner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Priest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo V.","family":"Soderholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norm G.","family":"Ducharme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9 Pt 1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540890902","article-title":"Pediatric vocal cord paralysis.","volume":"89","author":"DD Dedo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70277-2","article-title":"Vocal fold paralysis in infants twelve months of age and younger.","volume":"114","author":"RI Zbar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.1.21","article-title":"Pediatric vocal fold paralysis: A long-term retrospective study.","volume":"126","author":"H Daya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00010","article-title":"Reanimation of the paralyzed human larynx with an implantable electrical stimulation device.","volume":"113","author":"DL Zealear","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02729.x","article-title":"Preferential denervation of the adductor muscles of the equine larynx. II: Nerve pathology.","volume":"23","author":"ID Duncan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1986.35334","article-title":"Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. part I. A light microscopic study of peripheral nerves.","volume":"34","author":"JI Cahill","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1986.35335","article-title":"Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. part II. an electron microscopic study of peripheral nerves.","volume":"34","author":"JI Cahill","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1986.35343","article-title":"Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. part IV. muscle pathology.","volume":"34","author":"JI Cahill","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900405","article-title":"Laryngeal synkinesis revisited.","volume":"109","author":"RL Crumley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X240465","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of the equine dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle: Surgical implications.","volume":"40","author":"J Cheetham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.03.431","article-title":"Experimental crush of the equine recurrent laryngeal nerve: A study of normal and aberrant reinnervation.","volume":"48","author":"ID Duncan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31079-3","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of laryngeal muscle.","volume":"24","author":"I Sanders","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.118246","article-title":"Determination of the optimal conditions for laryngeal pacing with the itrel II implantable stimulator.","volume":"125","author":"DL Zealear","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880111003","article-title":"Isomyosin changes after functional electrostimulation of denervated sheep muscle.","volume":"11","author":"U Carraro","year":"1988","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00627631","article-title":"A laryngeal pacemaker for inspiration-controlled, direct electrical stimulation of the denervated posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in sheep.","volume":"248","author":"M Zrunek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2004.06.016","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation of laryngeal adductor muscle restores mobility of vocal fold and improves voice sounds in cats with unilateral laryngeal paralysis.","volume":"50","author":"A Katada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00115.x","article-title":"Considerations for pacing of the cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle by neuroprosthesis in horses.","volume":"42","author":"NG Ducharme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"93","article-title":"Workshop summary.","volume":"11","author":"P Dixon","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2005.29037.x","article-title":"Determination of the chronaxie and rheobase of denervated limb muscles in conscious rabbits.","volume":"29","author":"Z Ashley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Artificial Organs"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91177.2008","article-title":"Role of the hypoglossal nerve in equine nasopharyngeal stability.","volume":"107","author":"J Cheetham","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.03.368","article-title":"Repeatability and normal values for measurement of pharyngeal and tracheal pressures in exercising horses.","volume":"55","author":"NG Ducharme","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07394.x","article-title":"Clinical exercise testing in the normal thoroughbred racehorse.","volume":"67","author":"RJ Rose","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"43","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulators and nerve stimulation.","author":"A Hadzic","year":"2004"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref24","first-page":"558","article-title":"Ultrasound spirometry in the horse: A preliminary report on the method and the effects of xylazine and lobeline hydrochloride medication.","volume":"139","author":"C Herholz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.01.023","article-title":"Reanimation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles by electrical stimulation synchronized with inspiration.","volume":"135","author":"FL Chi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500904","article-title":"Electrical pacing of the paralyzed human larynx.","volume":"105","author":"DL Zealear","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X204177","article-title":"Sedation with detomidine and acepromazine influences the endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal function in horses.","volume":"39","author":"C Lindegaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30505-9","article-title":"Application of clinical exercise testing for identification of respiratory fitness and disease in the equine athlete.","volume":"7","author":"E Morris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"ref29","first-page":"R890","article-title":"Cardiac output and oxygen consumption in exercising thoroughbred horses.","volume":"253","author":"JM Weber","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.134.1.397","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory responses in thoroughbred horses during treadmill exercise.","volume":"134","author":"DL Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585121","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to submaximal exercise training in the thoroughbred horse.","volume":"411","author":"DL Evans","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.4.864","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to treadmill exercise in the horse.","volume":"50","author":"DP Thomas","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2006.00017.x","article-title":"Surgical treatment of extensive chondroid formation in the guttural pouch of a warmblood horse.","volume":"84","author":"KL Schaaf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/292239a0","article-title":"Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses.","volume":"292","author":"DF Hoyt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.179.1.159","article-title":"Respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments during exercise of increasing intensity and during recovery in thoroughbred racehorses.","volume":"179","author":"PJ Butler","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.05.589","article-title":"Tidal breathing flow-volume loop analysis as a test of pulmonary function in exercising horses.","volume":"55","author":"BA Connally","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.11.1668","article-title":"Efficacy of prosthetic laryngoplasty with and without bilateral ventriculocordectomy as treatments for laryngeal hemiplegia in horses.","volume":"57","author":"J Tetens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00202.x","article-title":"A comparison of laryngoplasty and modified partial arytenoidectomy as treatments for laryngeal hemiplegia in exercising horses.","volume":"35","author":"CH Radcliffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"471","article-title":"Chapter 27. pulmonary ventilation.","author":"AC Guyton","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1991.tb00319.x","article-title":"Arytenoid cartilage movement in resting and exercising horses.","volume":"20","author":"PC Rakestraw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1155","article-title":"Interrelations of myogenic response, progressive atrophy of muscle fibers, and cell death in denervated skeletal muscle.","volume":"264","author":"AB Borisov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20054","article-title":"Number of contractions to maintain mass and force of a denervated rat muscle.","volume":"30","author":"DE Dow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199707)248:3<346::AID-AR7>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Quantitative study of the effects of long-term denervation on the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat.","volume":"248","author":"CA Viguie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1087","article-title":"Reparative myogenesis in long-term denervated skeletal muscles of adult rats results in a reduction of the satellite cell population.","volume":"263","author":"EI Dedkov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C440","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00085.2006","article-title":"Atrophy, but not necrosis, in rabbit skeletal muscle denervated for periods up to one year.","volume":"292","author":"Z Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00608.x","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation of denervated muscles: An experimental evaluation.","volume":"32","author":"S Salmons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00005-4","article-title":"The application and technology of implantable neuromuscular stimulators: An introduction and overview.","volume":"23","author":"JC Jarvis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21020","article-title":"Therapeutic stimulation of denervated muscles: The influence of pattern.","volume":"38","author":"Z Ashley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X281216","article-title":"Development of equine upper airway fluid mechanics model for thoroughbred racehorses.","volume":"40","author":"V Rakesh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"031011","key":"ref50","article-title":"Simulation of turbulent airflow using a CT based upper airway model of a racehorse.","volume":"130","author":"V Rakesh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1982.34874","article-title":"Innervation of the equine intrinsic laryngeal muscles.","volume":"30","author":"TJ Quinlan","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref52","first-page":"157","article-title":"Some remarks on whistling and roaring in thoroughbred horses and on the results of the ventricle stripping operation for roaring in south africa.","volume":"10","author":"J Quinlan","year":"1939","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Med Ass"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690698","article-title":"The pathology of equine laryngeal hemiplegia.","volume":"27","author":"ID Duncan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1972.tb03896.x","article-title":"Histochemical observations on laryngeal skeletal muscle fibres in \u2018normal\u2019 horses.","volume":"4","author":"HM Gunn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref55","first-page":"134","article-title":"Laryngeal hemiplegia in warmblood horses\u2014a study of stallions, mares and their offspring.","volume":"40","author":"B Ohnesorge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.03.002","article-title":"Outcome assessment of patients undergoing maxillofacial procedures for the treatment of sleep apnea: Comparison of subjective and objective results.","volume":"62","author":"DJ Dattilo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.03.020","article-title":"Thoracolaryngeal reflex latencies in thoroughbred horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.","volume":"170","author":"RA Curtis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"69","article-title":"Changes in the equine larynx associated with laryngeal hemiplegia.","volume":"7","author":"CR Cole","year":"1946","journal-title":"Amer J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Biomechanical characterization of equine laryngeal cartilage.","author":"SN Passman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T15:29:36Z","timestamp":1741534176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024258"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024258","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]}}}