{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:06:34Z","timestamp":1785215194791,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T20:55:51Z","timestamp":1316552151000},"page":"e24763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Noninvasive Assessment of Antenatal Hydronephrosis in Mice Reveals a Critical Role for Robo2 in Maintaining Anti-Reflux Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinggang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Mendelsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Salant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weining","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1092018","article-title":"How they begin and how they end: classic and new theories for the development and deterioration of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT.","volume":"10","author":"JCt Pope","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.11.2183","article-title":"Mutation of PAX2 in two siblings with renal-coloboma syndrome.","volume":"4","author":"P Sanyanusin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101040","article-title":"Renal phenotypes related to hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (TCF2) mutations in a pediatric cohort.","volume":"17","author":"T Ulinski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1086\/512735","article-title":"Disruption of ROBO2 is associated with urinary tract anomalies and confers risk of vesicoureteral reflux.","volume":"80","author":"W Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0120","article-title":"Antenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of postnatal outcome: a meta-analysis.","volume":"118","author":"RS Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0b013e328302edfe","article-title":"Prenatal hydronephrosis: early evaluation.","volume":"18","author":"CR Estrada Jr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1543-9","article-title":"Antenatal and postnatal ultrasound in the evaluation of the risk of vesicoureteral reflux.","volume":"25","author":"S Grazioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020245","article-title":"Vesicoureteral reflux.","volume":"19","author":"G Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64396-0","article-title":"Vesicoureteral reflux and clinical outcomes in infants with prenatally detected hydronephrosis.","volume":"168","author":"MM Brophy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3975","article-title":"Vesico-ureteral reflux in children with prenatally detected hydronephrosis: a systematic review.","volume":"29","author":"AM van Eerde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.09.037","article-title":"Primary vesicoureteral reflux detected in neonates with a history of fetal renal pelvis dilatation: a prospective clinical and imaging study.","volume":"148","author":"K Ismaili","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.02.205","article-title":"The Society for Fetal Urology consensus statement on the evaluation and management of antenatal hydronephrosis.","volume":"6","author":"HT Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.066","article-title":"Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines Panel Summary Report: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Screening Siblings of Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux and Neonates\/Infants With Prenatal Hydronephrosis.","volume":"184","author":"SJ Skoog","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0704-y","article-title":"Gene discovery and vesicoureteric reflux.","volume":"23","author":"IJ Murawski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.090704.151234","article-title":"Regulation of commissural axon pathfinding by slit and its Robo receptors.","volume":"22","author":"BJ Dickson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059496","article-title":"astray, a zebrafish roundabout homolog required for retinal axon guidance.","volume":"292","author":"C Fricke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80590-5","article-title":"Slit proteins bind Robo receptors and have an evolutionarily conserved role in repulsive axon guidance.","volume":"96","author":"K Brose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(04)00108-X","article-title":"SLIT2-mediated ROBO2 signaling restricts kidney induction to a single site.","volume":"6","author":"U Grieshammer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007060692","article-title":"ROBO2 gene variants are associated with familial vesicoureteral reflux.","volume":"19","author":"AM Bertoli-Avella","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E92","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.21.e92","article-title":"Cre-mediated germline mosaicism: a method allowing rapid generation of several alleles of a target gene.","volume":"28","author":"M Holzenberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999424","article-title":"Role of transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis.","volume":"8","author":"LM Hill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.6.443","article-title":"The value of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of renal agenesis.","volume":"14","author":"GR DeVore","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.436","article-title":"The early development of the fetal kidney-an in utero sonographic evaluation between 13 and 22 weeks&apos; gestation.","volume":"22","author":"Y Zalel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00188.x","article-title":"Paradigm shift from classic anatomic theories to contemporary cell biological views of CAKUT.","volume":"61","author":"I Ichikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.06.004","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract.","volume":"30","author":"HR Toka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)61629-X","article-title":"The effect of intra-uterine urinary obstruction upon the development of the fetal kidney.","volume":"105","author":"AD Beck","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80003-7","article-title":"Correction of congenital hydronephrosis in utero III. Early mid-trimester ureteral obstruction produces renal dysplasia.","volume":"18","author":"PL Glick","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"78","article-title":"Urinary Bladder Catheterization of Female Mice and Rats.","volume":"38","author":"MB St Clair","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1262","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00720.2010","article-title":"Assessing vesicoureteral reflux in live inbred mice via ultrasound with a microbubble contrast agent.","volume":"300","author":"J Paredes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.12.095","article-title":"High incidence of vesicoureteral reflux in mice with Fgfr2 deletion in kidney mesenchyma.","volume":"183","author":"DS Hains","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1736","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00221.2007","article-title":"Vesico-ureteric reflux and urinary tract development in the Pax2 1Neu+\/\u2212 mouse.","volume":"293","author":"IJ Murawski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6408(1999)24:3\/4<241::AID-DVG7>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Expression of green fluorescent protein in the ureteric bud of transgenic mice: a new tool for the analysis of ureteric bud morphogenesis.","volume":"24","author":"S Srinivas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Genet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(75)90187-6","article-title":"The ureteric orifice: the embryologic key to radiologic status of duplex kidneys.","volume":"10","author":"GG Mackie","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3763","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.011270","article-title":"The development of the bladder trigone, the center of the anti-reflux mechanism.","volume":"134","author":"R Viana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)65934-2","article-title":"Ureterovesical anastomosis: the description and evaluation of a technique.","volume":"82","author":"AJ Paquin Jr","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)63742-X","article-title":"Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux: Experimental Studies of Its Etiology.","volume":"93","author":"EA Tanagho","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000057047.82984.7f","article-title":"Longitudinal and thickness measurement of the normal distal and intravesical ureter in human fetuses.","volume":"169","author":"J Oswald","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.06921.x","article-title":"Altered \u2018active\u2019 antireflux mechanism in primary vesico-ureteric reflux: a morphological and manometric study.","volume":"100","author":"S Arena","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000097146.26432.9a","article-title":"The intravesical ureter in children with vesicoureteral reflux: a morphological and immunohistochemical characterization.","volume":"170","author":"J Oswald","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389790","article-title":"Ureterovesical junction inhibitory reflex and vesicoureteral junction excitatory reflex: description of two reflexes and their role in the ureteric antireflux mechanism.","volume":"24","author":"A Shafik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00405-6","article-title":"Study of the effect of external urethral sphincter contraction on the mechanical activity of the ureterovesical junction and urinary bladder: recognition of the sphinctero-ureterovesical reflex.","volume":"50","author":"A Shafik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.057","article-title":"Ultrasound detection of vesicoureteral reflux in children.","volume":"184","author":"G Novljan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64375-1","article-title":"Long-term renal function in the posterior urethral valves, unilateral reflux and renal dysplasia syndrome.","volume":"158","author":"PM Cuckow","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51431-7","article-title":"Unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and unilateral nonfunctioning kidney associated with posterior urethral valves\u2013a syndrome?","volume":"130","author":"SP Greenfield","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000173129.70381.e9","article-title":"The vesicoureteral reflux dysplasia syndrome in patients with posterior urethral valves.","volume":"174","author":"KL Narasimhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6413","article-title":"Keyhole sign: how specific is it for the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves?","volume":"34","author":"LS Bernardes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62184-0","article-title":"The ureteral orifice: its configuration and competency.","volume":"102","author":"RP Lyon","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62433-9","article-title":"The intravesical ureter in primary reflux.","volume":"101","author":"EA Tanagho","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of the ureter.","author":"EA Tanagho","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"179","article-title":"Vesicoureteral Reflux.","author":"EA Tanagho","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.211","article-title":"Animal models of fetal renal disease.","volume":"21","author":"CA Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"527","article-title":"Using ultrasonography to define fetal-maternal relationships: moving from humans to mice.","volume":"59","author":"J Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7296.1222","article-title":"Microbubble contrast agents: a new era in ultrasound.","volume":"322","author":"MJ Blomley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.06.022","article-title":"Ultrasound contrast agents: an overview.","volume":"60","author":"D Cosgrove","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1618-7","article-title":"Voiding urosonography with second-generation contrast agent versus voiding cystourethrography.","volume":"25","author":"E Kis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.81.6.636","article-title":"Evaluation of myocardial, hepatic, and renal perfusion in a variety of clinical conditions using an intravenous ultrasound contrast agent (Optison) and second harmonic imaging.","volume":"81","author":"J Hancock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.151.5.961","article-title":"Ablation of uroplakin III gene results in small urothelial plaques, urothelial leakage, and vesicoureteral reflux.","volume":"151","author":"P Hu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1123","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00444.2003","article-title":"Overexpression of RET leads to vesicoureteric reflux in mice.","volume":"287","author":"OH Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.6.1139","article-title":"Stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development.","volume":"126","author":"C Mendelsohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7330","article-title":"Branching morphogenesis independent of mesenchymal-epithelial contact in the developing kidney.","volume":"96","author":"J Qiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T23:09:37Z","timestamp":1638745777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024763"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Saverio","family":"Bellusci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0024763","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]}}}