{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:25:48Z","timestamp":1784827548963,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T22:04:20Z","timestamp":1325887460000},"page":"e29927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Development of a Halotolerant Community in the St. Lucia Estuary (South Africa) during a Hypersaline Phase"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nicola K.","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzo","family":"Perissinotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment","author":"K Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2989\/025776191784287619","article-title":"Chlorophyll concentrations and suspended particulate loads in St. Lucia, a turbid estuary on the east coast of South Africa.","volume":"11","author":"PJ Fielding","year":"1991","journal-title":"S Afr J Mar Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.1061","article-title":"A review of the importance of freshwater inflow to the future conservation of Lake St. Lucia.","volume":"19","author":"AK Whitfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat Conserv"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"The estuarine fishes of the east coast of South Africa. Part 4. Occurrence of juveniles in estuaries. Part 5. Ecology, estuarine dependence and status.","volume":"42","author":"JH Wallace","year":"1975","journal-title":"Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2009.11.012","article-title":"Fish community structure of the St. Lucia Estuarine System under prolonged drought conditions and its potential for recovery after mouth breaching.","volume":"86","author":"L Vivier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Est Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The Estuaries of Natal.","author":"G Begg","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08355","article-title":"Zooplankton of the St. Lucia Estuary during the current drought cycle: a comparison between open- and closed-mouth conditions.","volume":"399","author":"NK Carrasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1448-5-3","article-title":"Egg banks in hypersaline lakes of the South-East Europe.","volume":"5","author":"S Moscatello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saline Systems"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 361","author":"P Lavens","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(95)00063-W","article-title":"Selection on life-history traits across a wave exposure gradient in the tidepool copepod <italic>Tigriopus californicus<\/italic> (Baker).","volume":"192","author":"MF Dybdahl","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"877","article-title":"Limnology of Lake Buchanan, a tropical saline lake, and associated pools, of North Queensland.","volume":"38","author":"BV Timms","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust J Mar Freshw Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00018802","article-title":"Salinity tolerance of the copepod, <italic>Apocyclops dengizicus<\/italic> (Lepeschkin, 1900), a key food chain organism in the Salton Sea, California.","volume":"267","author":"DM Dexter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13","first-page":"210","article-title":"Red water and associated phenomena in St. Lucia.","volume":"66","author":"JR Grindley","year":"1970","journal-title":"S Afr J Sci"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"The role of zooplankton in the St. Lucia estuary system.","author":"JR Grindley","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"117","article-title":"Estuarine plankton.","author":"JR Grindley","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3354\/meps223039","article-title":"Annual cycle of microalgal biomass in a South African temporarily open estuary: nutrient versus light limitation.","volume":"223","author":"C Nozais","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2010.09.008","article-title":"In situ feeding rates and grazing impact of <italic>Mesopodopsis africana<\/italic> O. Tattersall in the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa.","volume":"396","author":"NK Carrasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0485.1989.tb00473.x","article-title":"Short-term thermal effects of a power-generating plant on zooplankton in the Swartkops Estuary, South Africa.","volume":"10","author":"R Perissinotto","year":"1989","journal-title":"PSZNI Mar Ecol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2989\/02577619509504842","article-title":"Plankton distribution and abundance in the Sundays River Estuary, South Africa, with comments on potential feeding interactions.","volume":"15","author":"HL Jerling","year":"1995","journal-title":"S Afr J Mar Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref20","first-page":"373","article-title":"The Pseudodiaptomidae (Copepoda: Calanoida) of southern African waters, including a new species, <italic>Pseudodiaptomus charteri<\/italic>.","volume":"46","author":"JR Grindley","year":"1963","journal-title":"Annls S Afr Mus"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cladocerans.","author":"MT Seaman","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(89)90090-5","article-title":"Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of meiobenthos and their food resources.","volume":"28","author":"CA Couch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Est Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08799","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variations in the diet of the mysid <italic>Mesopodopsis africana<\/italic> in the St. Lucia Estuary (South Africa).","volume":"417","author":"NK Carrasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbq126","article-title":"The comparative diet of the dominant zooplankton species in the St. Lucia Estuary, South Africa.","volume":"33","author":"NK Carrasco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/o59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification.","volume":"37","author":"EG Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Changes in Marine Communities: an Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation","author":"KR Clarke","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00392515","article-title":"A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities.","volume":"92","author":"RM Warwick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"374","article-title":"Exploring the effects of fishing on fish assemblages using Abundance Biomass Comparison (ABC) curves.","volume":"62","author":"D Yemani","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mar Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00460-11","article-title":"Persistent Phytoplankton Bloom in Lake St. Lucia (iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa) Caused by a Cyanobacterium Closely Associated with the Genus <italic>Cyanothece<\/italic> (<italic>Synechococcaceae<\/italic>, <italic>Chroococcales<\/italic>).","volume":"77","author":"D Muir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5487.2068","article-title":"Climate extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts.","volume":"289","author":"DR Easterling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2011.01833.x","article-title":"The ecological role of climate extremes: current understanding and future prospects.","volume":"99","author":"MD Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ecol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2007.09.004","article-title":"The benthic macrofauna of the St. Lucia Estuary during the 2005 drought year.","volume":"77","author":"D Pillay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016529617757","article-title":"Metazooplankton dynamics in the Salton Sea, California, 1997\u20131999.","volume":"473","author":"MA Tiffany","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Saline lake ecosystems of the world","author":"UT Hammer","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Zooplankton of St. Lucia.","author":"JR Grindley","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1078\/143446103322454149","article-title":"Cryptic freshwater ciliates in a hypersaline lagoon.","volume":"154","author":"GF Esteban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74370-2","article-title":"Hypersaline environments: microbiology and biogeochemistry","author":"BJ Javor","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3633-7","article-title":"Adaptation to Life at High Salt Concentrations in Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya","author":"N Gunde-Cimerman","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2005.10.011","article-title":"Composition and distribution of planktonic ciliates from ponds of different salinity in the solar saltwork of Sfax, Tunisia.","volume":"67","author":"J Elloumi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Est Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.10.006","article-title":"Rearing of <italic>Fabrea salina<\/italic> Henneguy (Ciliophora, Heterotrichida) with three unicellular feeds.","volume":"331","author":"W Guermazi","year":"2008","journal-title":"C.R. Biologies"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"65","article-title":"Reactivation of diapausing crustaceans.","author":"VR Alekseev","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2307\/1540969","article-title":"Photoperiodic and temperature regulation of diapause in <italic>Labidocera aestiva<\/italic> (Copepoda, Calanoida).","volume":"162","author":"NH Marcus","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2307\/1542200","article-title":"The interaction of photoperiod and temperature in diapause timing \u2013 a copepod example.","volume":"189","author":"NG Hairston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Bull"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2307\/3545010","article-title":"Sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna requires three stimuli.","volume":"65","author":"O Kleiven","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.2307\/1939364","article-title":"Predator-induced diapause in Daphnia.","volume":"76","author":"M Slusarczyk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1980.25.5.0903","article-title":"The predatory behavior of <italic>Mesocyclops edax<\/italic>, predator preferences, prey defenses, and starvation induced changes.","volume":"25","author":"CE Williamson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/15.6.643","article-title":"Omnivory in cyclopoid copepods: comparison of algae and invertebrates as food for three, differently sized species.","volume":"15","author":"R Adrian","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Predation on protozoa: its importance to zooplankton.","volume":"17","author":"DK Stoecker","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1995.40.6.1173","article-title":"Trophic relations between cyclopoid copepods and ciliated protists: complex interactions link the microbial and classic food webs.","volume":"40","author":"SA Wickham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/17.8.1633","article-title":"Cyclops predation on ciliates: Species specific differences and functional responses.","volume":"17","author":"SA Wickham","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/22.1.185","article-title":"Response of ciliates and <italic>Cryptomonas<\/italic> to the spring cohort of a cyclopoid copepod in a shallow hypereutrophic lake.","volume":"22","author":"A-M Hansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbg115","article-title":"Annual variability in ciliate community structure, potential prey and predators in the open northern Baltic Sea proper.","volume":"26","author":"M Johansson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Plankton Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/07438140709354040","article-title":"Ciliate plankton dynamics and survey of ciliate diversity in the Salton Sea, California, 1997\u20131999.","volume":"23","author":"MA Tiffany","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lake Reserv Manage"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"617","article-title":"Halotolerant life in feast or famine (a source of hydrocarbons and a fixer of metals).","author":"JK Warren","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"<italic>Nitocra taylori<\/italic> sp. nov., (Harpacticoida: Ameiridae: Ameirinae) from the St. Lucia Estuary, South Africa, with notes on its ecology and remarks on the status of <italic>Nitocra sewelli husmanni<\/italic> Kunz, 1976.","author":"S G\u00f3mez","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revision of Bledius. Part IV. Classification of species groups, phylogeny, natural history, and catalogue (coleoptera, staphylinidae, oxytelinae).","volume":"184","author":"L Herman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-006-0301-2","article-title":"Population dynamics, growth, and distribution of tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis mossambicus<\/italic>) in the Salton Sea, 1999\u20132002, with notes on orangemouth corvina (<italic>Cynoscion xanthulus<\/italic>) and bairdiella (<italic>Bairdiella icistia<\/italic>).","volume":"576","author":"LM Caskey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2989\/16085910609503873","article-title":"Status of the estuarine fish fauna in the St. Lucia Estuarine System, South Africa, after 30 months of mouth closure.","volume":"31","author":"DP Cyrus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr J Aquat Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00001455","article-title":"Resource segregation among iliophagous fish in Lake St. Lucia, Zululand.","volume":"3","author":"AK Whitfield","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environmental Biology of Fishes"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cichlid fish mortality in a freshwater lake in Natal.","volume":"27","author":"MN Bruton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lammergeyer"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003490215005","article-title":"Salinity and fish effects on Salton Sea microecosystems: zooplankton and nekton.","volume":"381","author":"CM Hart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003231708756","article-title":"Salinity and fish effects on Salton Sea microecosystems: benthos.","volume":"381","author":"EP Simpson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029927","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T01:36:07Z","timestamp":1540258567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029927"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jack Anthony","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029927","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]}}}