{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:42:25Z","timestamp":1792723345725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T16:55:51Z","timestamp":1326300951000},"page":"e30069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Polar Invasion and Translocation of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus suis in a Novel Human Model of the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schwerk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalia","family":"Papandreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schuhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Nickol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Borkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascha","family":"Quednau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Stump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig","family":"Wolburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Claus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Tenenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Schroten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70306-8","article-title":"Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children.","volume":"10","author":"KS Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328337f49e","article-title":"New understandings on the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis.","volume":"23","author":"U Koedel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0177-0","article-title":"The blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction.","volume":"31","author":"B Engelhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.005975","article-title":"Epithelial tight junctions, gene expression and nucleo-junctional interplay.","volume":"120","author":"K Matter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1055","article-title":"Signalling to and from tight junctions.","volume":"4","author":"K Matter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.07.012","article-title":"Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton.","volume":"1778","author":"A Hartsock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"37","author":"NJ Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0627-8","article-title":"Choroid plexus: biology and pathology.","volume":"119","author":"H Wolburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<112::AID-JEMT13>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Involvement of the choroid plexus in central nervous system inflammation.","volume":"52","author":"B Engelhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2000.0406","article-title":"Bacterial invasion and transcytosis in transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells.","volume":"30","author":"MF Stins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3458fje","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier-specific properties of a human adult brain endothelial cell line.","volume":"19","author":"BB Weksler","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.11.13.9367354","article-title":"Development of immortalized human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell line as an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier.","volume":"11","author":"A Muruganandam","year":"1997","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.07.046","article-title":"Establishment of an in vitro brain barrier epithelial transport system for pharmacological and toxicological study.","volume":"1057","author":"LZ Shi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<137::AID-JEMT15>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Porcine Choroid plexus epithelial cells in culture: regulation of barrier properties and transport processes.","volume":"52","author":"M Haselbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"68","article-title":"Porcine choroid plexus cells in culture: expression of polarized phenotype, maintenance of barrier properties and apical secretion of CSF-components.","volume":"74","author":"U Gath","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011014424212","article-title":"Characterization of the amino acid transport of new immortalized choroid plexus epithelial cell lines: a novel in vitro system for investigating transport functions at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.","volume":"18","author":"T Kitazawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03683-1","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of an immortalized Z310 choroidal epithelial cell line from murine choroid plexus.","volume":"958","author":"W Zheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-077-5_8","article-title":"In Vitro Models of the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier and Their Use in Neurotoxicological Research.","volume":"56","author":"N Strazielle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromethods"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.36.179","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy for huge choroid plexus carcinoma in an infant\u2013case report.","volume":"36","author":"T Kumabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68020726.x","article-title":"Production and secretion of adrenomedullin by cultured choroid plexus carcinoma cells.","volume":"68","author":"K Takahashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-4-11","article-title":"Expression of junctional proteins in choroid plexus epithelial cell lines: a comparative study.","volume":"4","author":"J Szmydynger-Chodobska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-0774.2005.tb00059.x","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of a human malignant choroids plexus papilloma cell line (HIBCPP).","volume":"18","author":"I Ishiwata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.070","article-title":"Biology and pathogenesis of the evolutionarily successful, obligate human bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"27","author":"DS Stephens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"486","article-title":"Gross and histopathological findings in unusual lesions caused by Streptococcus suis in pigs. II. Central nervous system lesions.","volume":"51","author":"SE Sanford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1842","article-title":"Streptococcus suis serotype 2, an important swine and human pathogen, induces strong systemic and cerebral inflammatory responses in a mouse model of infection.","volume":"179","author":"MC Dominguez-Punaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.2.474","article-title":"Pathogenesis of meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis type 2.","volume":"162","author":"AE Williams","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0522","article-title":"Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in pigs: new diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects.","volume":"126","author":"LW Madsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01255.x","article-title":"Polar bacterial invasion and translocation of Streptococcus suis across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in vitro.","volume":"11","author":"T Tenenbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70001-4","article-title":"Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen.","volume":"7","author":"ZR Lun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1086\/527385","article-title":"Streptococcus suis meningitis in adults in Vietnam.","volume":"46","author":"NT Mai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1309\/3489075U03LMK9AE","article-title":"Pathogenesis and diagnosis of human meningococcal disease using immunohistochemical and PCR assays.","volume":"122","author":"J Guarner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1086\/514124","article-title":"Interaction of Neisseria maningitidis with the components of the blood-brain barrier correlates with an increased expression of PilC.","volume":"176","author":"B Pron","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.06.118","article-title":"Dexamethasone prevents alteration of tight junction-associated proteins and barrier function in porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells after infection with Streptococcus suis in vitro.","volume":"1229","author":"T Tenenbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.3084-3087.2004","article-title":"Porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells induce Streptococcus suis bacteriostasis in vitro.","volume":"72","author":"RA Adam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00177-2","article-title":"Molecular anatomy of intercellular junctions in brain endothelial and epithelial barriers: electron microscopist&apos;s view.","volume":"42","author":"AW Vorbrodt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<65::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Choroid plexus: target for polypeptides and site of their synthesis.","volume":"52","author":"A Chodobski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90037-6","article-title":"High levels of messenger RNA for transthyretin (prealbumin) in human choroid plexus.","volume":"66","author":"PW Dickson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.1.141","article-title":"Expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in the choroid plexus and the leptomeninges of the adult rat central nervous system.","volume":"85","author":"F Stylianopoulou","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3094","article-title":"The winged helix transcription factor HFH-4 is expressed during choroid plexus epithelial development in the mouse embryo.","volume":"94","author":"L Lim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1750-1756.1999","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the cps locus of Streptococcus suis serotype 2: the capsule protects against phagocytosis and is an important virulence factor.","volume":"67","author":"HE Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.069","article-title":"Meningococcal interactions with the host.","volume":"27","author":"E Carbonnelle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91297-8","article-title":"Point mutation in meningococcal por A gene associated with increased endemic disease.","volume":"337","author":"BT McGuinness","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2465-2470.1998","article-title":"Necessity of molecular techniques to distinguish between Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from patients with meningococcal disease and from their healthy contacts.","volume":"36","author":"U Vogel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.437970.x","article-title":"Allelic polymorphism and site-specific recombination in the opc locus of Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"19","author":"A Seiler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014602","article-title":"Bicarbonate transport across the frog choroid plexus and its control by cyclic nucleotides.","volume":"336","author":"Y Saito","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1308","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00677.2001","article-title":"Transepithelial organic anion transport by shark choroid plexus.","volume":"282","author":"AR Villalobos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040741.x","article-title":"Opc- and pilus-dependent interactions of meningococci with human endothelial cells: molecular mechanisms and modulation by surface polysaccharides.","volume":"18","author":"M Virji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03222.x","article-title":"Fibronectin mediates Opc-dependent internalization of Neisseria meningitidis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.","volume":"46","author":"A Unkmeir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref49","first-page":"325","article-title":"Streptococcus suis serotype 2 mutants deficient in capsular expression.","volume":"144","author":"N Charland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology("},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5322-5330.2004","article-title":"Encapsulated Streptococcus suis inhibits activation of signaling pathways involved in phagocytosis.","volume":"72","author":"M Segura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4653-4667.2005","article-title":"Illustration of pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule during adherence and invasion of epithelial cells.","volume":"73","author":"S Hammerschmidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02838.x","article-title":"Down-regulation of pili and capsule of Neisseria meningitidis upon contact with epithelial cells is mediated by CrgA regulatory protein.","volume":"43","author":"AE Deghmane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000911","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000911","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis Opc invasin binds to the sulphated tyrosines of activated vitronectin to attach to and invade human brain endothelial cells.","volume":"6","author":"CS Cunha","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01458.x","article-title":"Expression of the Opc protein correlates with invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells by Neisseria meningitidis.","volume":"6","author":"M Virji","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00763.x","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis producing the Opc adhesin binds epithelial cell proteoglycan receptors.","volume":"27","author":"FP de Vries","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200507128","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis infection of human endothelial cells interferes with leukocyte transmigration by preventing the formation of endothelial docking structures.","volume":"173","author":"N Doulet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000314","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000314","article-title":"Extracellular bacterial pathogen induces host cell surface reorganization to resist shear stress.","volume":"5","author":"G Mikaty","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05448.x","article-title":"Meningococcal biofilm formation: structure, development and phenotypes in a standardized continuous flow system.","volume":"62","author":"M Lappann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00409.x","article-title":"Non-encapsulated strains reveal novel insights in invasion and survival of Streptococcus suis in epithelial cells.","volume":"6","author":"L Benga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1005","article-title":"PrimerBank: a resource of human and mouse PCR primer pairs for gene expression detection and quantification.","volume":"38","author":"A Spandidos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50853","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308364200","article-title":"Neisserial lipooligosaccharide is a target for complement component C4b. Inner core phosphoethanolamine residues define C4b linkage specificity.","volume":"278","author":"S Ram","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T13:16:10Z","timestamp":1593522970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030069"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}}}