{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:04:38Z","timestamp":1789236278758,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329350400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T22:28:39Z","timestamp":1329431319000},"page":"e31167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Morphine Suppresses IFN Signaling Pathway and Enhances AIDS Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yizhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilija","family":"Fulambarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhe","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00216-6","article-title":"Opiates and infection.","volume":"83","author":"JM Risdahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.6.1467","article-title":"Injection drug use and human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"20","author":"P Alcabes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199403000-00007","article-title":"Continued drug use and other cofactors for progression to AIDS among injecting drug users.","volume":"8","author":"PJ Ronald","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"21","article-title":"The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and intravenous drug abuse.","volume":"40","author":"RJ Battjes","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Narc"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"485","article-title":"Drugs of abuse and infectious diseases.","volume":"81","author":"S Specter","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Fla Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","article-title":"Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse.","volume":"16","author":"H Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181967354","article-title":"Probable deceleration of progression of Simian AIDS affected by opiate dependency: studies with a rhesus macaque\/SIVsmm9 model.","volume":"50","author":"RM Donahoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199009000-00006","article-title":"Morphine promotes the growth of HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cocultures.","volume":"4","author":"PK Peterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-50-06-03","article-title":"Morphine enhances HIV infection of human blood mononuclear phagocytes through modulation of beta-chemokines and CCR5 receptor.","volume":"50","author":"CJ Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Medicine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000074973.83826.4C","article-title":"Morphine enhances HIV infection of neonatal macrophages.","volume":"54","author":"Y Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162054368048","article-title":"Morphine exacerbates HIV-1 viral protein gp120 induced modulation of chemokine gene expression in U373 astrocytoma cells.","volume":"3","author":"SD Mahajan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3589","article-title":"Morphine regulates gene expression of alpha- and beta-chemokines and their receptors on astroglial cells via the opioid mu receptor.","volume":"169","author":"SD Mahajan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31305","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001269200","article-title":"Morphine induces gene expression of CCR5 in human CEM\u00d7174 lymphocytes.","volume":"275","author":"T Miyagi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1086\/340816","article-title":"Morphine promotes simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus replication in monkey peripheral mononuclear cells: induction of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression for virus entry.","volume":"185","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2002.5638","article-title":"Interactions of opioid and chemokine receptors: oligomerization of mu, kappa, and delta with CCR5 on immune cells.","volume":"280","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00015-1","article-title":"Mu-opioid modulation of HIV-1 coreceptor expression and HIV-1 replication.","volume":"309","author":"AD Steele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.2167","article-title":"Increased replication of simian immunodeficiency virus in CEM\u00d7174 cells by morphine sulfate.","volume":"195","author":"LF Chuang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11425","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.20.11425-11428.2004","article-title":"Modulation by morphine of viral set point in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian-human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"78","author":"R Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2980-4_4","article-title":"Consequences of opiate-dependency in a monkey model of AIDS.","volume":"335","author":"RM Donahoe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00224-5","article-title":"Opiates as potential cofactors in progression of HIV-1 infections to AIDS.","volume":"83","author":"RM Donahoe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00181-2","article-title":"Opioids, opioid receptors, and the immune response.","volume":"62","author":"L McCarthy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-008-0035-0","article-title":"Opiate abuse, innate immunity, and bacterial infectious diseases.","volume":"56","author":"J Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.508","article-title":"Drug abuse, innate immunity and hepatitis C virus.","volume":"16","author":"T Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nri888","article-title":"Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy.","volume":"2","author":"MG Katze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000007","article-title":"The interferon response inhibits HIV particle production by induction of TRIM22.","volume":"4","author":"SD Barr","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01773-08","article-title":"Lambda interferon inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of macrophages.","volume":"83","author":"W Hou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.01.008","article-title":"IL-28 and IL-29: newcomers to the interferon family.","volume":"89","author":"G Uze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/ni875","article-title":"IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex.","volume":"4","author":"SV Kotenko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/ni873","article-title":"IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R.","volume":"4","author":"P Sheppard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32269","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404789200","article-title":"Role of the interleukin (IL)-28 receptor tyrosine residues for antiviral and antiproliferative activity of IL-29\/interferon-lambda 1: similarities with type I interferon signaling.","volume":"279","author":"L Dumoutier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000017","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000017","article-title":"IFN-lambda (IFN-lambda) is expressed in a tissue-dependent fashion and primarily acts on epithelial cells in vivo.","volume":"4","author":"C Sommereyns","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2474","article-title":"An important role for type III interferon (IFN-lambda\/IL-28) in TLR-induced antiviral activity.","volume":"180","author":"N Ank","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.373","article-title":"IFN-lambda: novel antiviral cytokines.","volume":"26","author":"N Ank","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.9.4501-4509.2006","article-title":"Lambda interferon (IFN-lambda), a type III IFN, is induced by viruses and IFNs and displays potent antiviral activity against select virus infections in vivo.","volume":"80","author":"N Ank","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90415-1","article-title":"Purification of human monocytes on gelatin-coated surfaces.","volume":"95","author":"NF Hassan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.62.1.139-147.1988","article-title":"In vitro mutagenesis identifies a region within the envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus that is critical for infectivity.","volume":"62","author":"RL Willey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.1.573-579.1992","article-title":"Infection of cord blood monocyte-derived macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"66","author":"WZ Ho","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63476-1","article-title":"Morphine enhances hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon expression.","volume":"163","author":"Y Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20854","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus inhibits intracellular interferon alpha expression in human hepatic cell lines.","volume":"42","author":"T Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00262-0","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factors: the next generation.","volume":"237","author":"Y Mamane","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(97)00019-1","article-title":"The growing family of interferon regulatory factors.","volume":"8","author":"H Nguyen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082604","article-title":"Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease.","volume":"300","author":"E Foy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.01.004","article-title":"APOBEC-mediated viral restriction: not simply editing?","volume":"32","author":"RK Holmes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53379","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408802200","article-title":"APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication.","volume":"279","author":"Q Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00726.x","article-title":"Acute alcohol intake induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 and inhibits cytokine-induced STAT1 and STAT3 signaling in human monocytes.","volume":"32","author":"O Norkina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.04.042","article-title":"Controlling cytokine signaling by constitutive inhibitors.","volume":"70","author":"K Rakesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(97)00017-9","article-title":"Effects of morphine on purified human blood monocytes. Modifications of properties involved in antiviral defences.","volume":"19","author":"F Stoll-Keller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.4.2.127-132.1997","article-title":"Immunoregulatory effects of morphine on human lymphocytes.","volume":"4","author":"MP Nair","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1086\/520093","article-title":"Morphine inhibits intrahepatic interferon- alpha expression and enhances complete hepatitis C virus replication.","volume":"196","author":"Y Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00737.x","article-title":"Innate immunity to virus infection.","volume":"227","author":"O Takeuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01635-10","article-title":"RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling is inhibited in HIV-1 infection by a protease-mediated sequestration of RIG-I.","volume":"85","author":"M Solis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1900","article-title":"IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.","volume":"6","author":"K Honda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3434","article-title":"IFN regulatory factor family members differentially regulate the expression of type III IFN (IFN-lambda) genes.","volume":"179","author":"PI Osterlund","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23382","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101216200","article-title":"Virus-specific activation of a novel interferon regulatory factor, IRF-5, results in the induction of distinct interferon alpha genes.","volume":"276","author":"BJ Barnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6660","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.22.6660","article-title":"Differential viral induction of distinct interferon-alpha genes by positive feedback through interferon regulatory factor-7.","volume":"17","author":"I Marie","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.009","article-title":"Type I interferon [corrected] gene induction by the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors.","volume":"25","author":"K Honda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03464","article-title":"IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses.","volume":"434","author":"K Honda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03493","article-title":"Cellular APOBEC3G restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells.","volume":"435","author":"YL Chiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83530-0","article-title":"APOBEC3G upregulation by alpha interferon restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human peripheral plasmacytoid dendritic cells.","volume":"89","author":"FX Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11606","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707586200","article-title":"Human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3H restricts HIV-1 replication.","volume":"283","author":"Y Dang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5250","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02358-09","article-title":"APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G inhibit HIV-1 DNA integration by different mechanisms.","volume":"84","author":"JL Mbisa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01709","article-title":"Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts.","volume":"424","author":"B Mangeat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00515-4","article-title":"Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif.","volume":"114","author":"R Mariani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01707","article-title":"The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA.","volume":"424","author":"H Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600246","article-title":"A second human antiretroviral factor, APOBEC3F, is suppressed by the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Vif proteins.","volume":"23","author":"HL Wiegand","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90105-L","article-title":"A protein tyrosine kinase in the interferon alpha\/beta signaling pathway.","volume":"70","author":"L Velazquez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1604","article-title":"Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling.","volume":"5","author":"LC Platanias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2623","article-title":"The JAK-STAT signaling pathway: input and output integration.","volume":"178","author":"PJ Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009602","article-title":"Upregulation of SOCS-3 and PIAS-3 impairs IL-12-mediated interferon-gamma response in CD56 T cells in HCV-infected heroin users.","volume":"5","author":"L Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T15:04:11Z","timestamp":1593702251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031167"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jialin Charles","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]}}}