{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:29:00Z","timestamp":1792625340783,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331683200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T16:59:05Z","timestamp":1331744345000},"page":"e31781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Gignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Steppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Kristopher","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent A.","family":"Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Brueggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Inouye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kledzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grahame J. W.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Crocodiles of Australia","author":"G Webb","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150490423971","article-title":"Inconsistencies in arguments for the supertree approach: supermatrices versus supertrees of Crocodylia.","volume":"53","author":"J Gatesy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sys Bio"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"564","article-title":"Crocodylian snouts in space and time: phylogenetic approaches toward adaptive radiation.","volume":"41","author":"CA Brochu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Amer Zool"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1127\/njgpa\/164\/1982\/194","article-title":"Ecology, locomotion and tail muscle anatomy of crocodiles.","volume":"164","author":"E Frey","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neues Jahrb Geol Pal\u00e4ont Abh"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300009003","article-title":"The origin of crocodilian locomotion.","volume":"13","author":"JM Parrish","year":"1987","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.31.100901.141308","article-title":"Phylogenetic approaches toward crocodylian history.","volume":"31","author":"CA Brochu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rev Ear Plan Sci"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"76","article-title":"Food and feeding habits.","author":"AC Pooley","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2307\/1564301","article-title":"Notes on the feeding behavior of the gharial (<italic>Gavialis gangeticus<\/italic>) under semi-natural conditions.","volume":"24","author":"JB Thorbjarnarson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Herp"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"173","article-title":"The structural consequences of skull flattening in crocodilians.","author":"AB Busbey","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20360","article-title":"The biomechanics of the rostrum in crocodilians: a comparative analysis using finite element modelling.","volume":"288","author":"CR McHenry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10627","article-title":"Patterns of morphospace occupation and mechanical performance in extant crocodilian skulls: a combined geometric morphometric and finite element modeling approach.","volume":"269","author":"SE Pierce","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Morph"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/01650520802507572","article-title":"Food habits of the broad-snouted caiman (<italic>Caiman latirostris<\/italic>: Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) in northwestern Uruguay.","volume":"44","author":"C Borteiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Studies Neoptrop Fauna Envir"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2307\/1564793","article-title":"The ecology of a cryptic predator <italic>Paleosuchus trigonatus<\/italic> in a tropical rainforest.","volume":"25","author":"WE Magnusson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Herp"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836903003819","article-title":"The Ontogeny of bite-force performance in American alligator (<italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/italic>).","volume":"260","author":"GM Erickson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Zool Lond"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836903004400","article-title":"Comparison of bite-force performance between long-term captive and wild captured American alligators (<italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/italic>).","volume":"262","author":"GM Erickson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Zool Lond"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The Last of the Ruling Reptiles: Alligators, Crocodiles and their Kin","author":"WT Neill","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"256","article-title":"The jaw muscles of the crocodiles and some relating structures of the crocodilian skull.","volume":"115","author":"NN Iordansky","year":"1964","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"101","article-title":"The head muscles and hyolaryngeal skeleton of turtles and crocodilians.","author":"GH Schumacher","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.2002.00396.x","article-title":"Comparative functional morphology of the masticatory apparatus in the long-snouted crocodiles.","volume":"31","author":"H Endo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embr"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"331","article-title":"A shark-bite meter.","author":"JM Snodgrass","year":"1967"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511735011","article-title":"Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work","author":"PW Lucas","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"76","article-title":"Feeding mechanics and bite force modelling of the skull of <italic>Dunkleosteus terrelli<\/italic>, an ancient apex predator.","volume":"3","author":"PS Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Crocodilian, Tuatara and Turtle Species of the World: A Taxonomic Reference","author":"FW King","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"109","article-title":"Factors of safety in the structures of animals.","volume":"67","author":"RMcN Alexander","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996561.0000","article-title":"Crocodiles: Biology, Husbandry and Disease","author":"FW Huchzermeyer","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00622.x","article-title":"Development of bite strength and feeding behavior in juvenile spotted hyenas (<italic>Crocuta crocuta<\/italic>).","volume":"252","author":"WJ Binder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Zool Lond"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5962\/p.330789","article-title":"A new crocodilian, Hassiacosuchus kayi, from the Bridger Eocene beds of Wyoming.","volume":"28","author":"CC Mook","year":"1941","journal-title":"Ann Carnegii Mus"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2005)025[0354:FDABSO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Femoral dimensions and body size of <italic>Alligator mississsippiensis<\/italic>: estimating the size of mesoeucrocodylians.","volume":"25","author":"JO Farlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vert Paleo"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Skeletal Function and Form: Mechanobiology of Skeletal Development, Aging, and Regeneration","author":"DR Carter","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10145","article-title":"Evolution of the biomechanical material properties of the femur.","volume":"268","author":"GM Erickson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref31"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1999.10011201","article-title":"Phylogenetics, taxonomy, and historical biogeography of Alligatoroidea.","volume":"19","author":"CA Brochu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vert Paleo Mem"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.2307\/1447542","article-title":"Toothlessness in American alligators.","volume":"1996","author":"GM Erickson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/382706a0","article-title":"Bite-force estimation for <italic>Tyrannosaurus rex<\/italic> from tooth-marked bones.","volume":"382","author":"GM Erickson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref35","author":"PE Midford","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2010.06.011","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus <italic>Crocodylus<\/italic> (Eusuchia, Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) and the taxonomic position of <italic>Crocodylus porosus<\/italic>.","volume":"57","author":"PR Meganathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molec Phylog Evol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.683","article-title":"Evolutionary history of Cuban crocodiles <italic>Crocodylus rhombifer<\/italic> and <italic>Crocodylus acutus<\/italic> inferred from multilocus markers.","volume":"315A","author":"Y Mili\u00e1n-Garc\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.03.029","article-title":"Crocodilian phylogeny inferred from twelve mitochondrial protein-coding genes, with new complete mitochondrial genomic sequences for <italic>Crocodylus acutus<\/italic> and <italic>Crocodylus novaeguineae<\/italic>.","volume":"60","author":"Z Man","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molec Phylog Evol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.03.026","article-title":"A phylogenetic hypothesis for <italic>Crocodylus<\/italic> (crocodylia) based on mitochondrial DNA: Evidence for a trans-Atlantic voyage from Africa to the New World.","volume":"60","author":"RW Meredith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molec Phylog Evol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009333","article-title":"A new horned crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene hominid sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.","volume":"5","author":"CA Brochu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.01.012","article-title":"Are crocodiles really monophyletic?\u2014Evidence for subdivisions from sequence and morphological data.","volume":"39","author":"LR McAliley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molec Phylog Evol"},{"key":"ref42","author":"DR Maddison","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref43","author":"DL Swofford","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.9.817","article-title":"Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution.","volume":"14","author":"D Posada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioinf"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.02.009","article-title":"The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodilian relationships.","volume":"48","author":"J Gatesy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molec Phylog Evol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003974","article-title":"Estimating absolute rates of molecular evolution and divergence times: a penalized likelihood approach.","volume":"19","author":"MJ Sanderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molec Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl044","article-title":"Paloverde: an OpenGL 3-D phylogeny browser.","volume":"22","author":"MJ Sanderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinf"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology.","author":"SW Kembel","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing.","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00285.x","article-title":"Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile.","volume":"57","author":"SP Blomberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evol"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis.","author":"WP Maddison","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9780001","article-title":"analysis of <italic>Crocodylus porosus<\/italic> from the north coast of Arnhem Land, northern Australia.","volume":"26","author":"GJW Webb","year":"1978","journal-title":"Aust J Zool"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Bestimmen von Kro-kodilen und ihrer Haute","author":"H Wermuth","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:07:29Z","timestamp":1687306049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031781"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Leon","family":"Claessens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]}}}