{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:23:47Z","timestamp":1772249027247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,2]],"date-time":"2012-03-02T21:08:31Z","timestamp":1330722511000},"page":"e32711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Is Opium a Real Risk Factor for Esophageal Cancer or Just a Methodological Artifact? Hospital and Neighborhood Controls in Case-Control Studies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ramin","family":"Shakeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farin","family":"Kamangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dariush","family":"Nasrollahzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Nouraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hooman","family":"Khademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Etemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Islami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajiamin","family":"Marjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Fahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Sepehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atieh","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian C.","family":"Abnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanford M.","family":"Dawsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Majdzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.2308","article-title":"Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world.","volume":"24","author":"F Kamangar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22993","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and esophageal cancer in a large prospective cohort study.","volume":"121","author":"ND Freedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24342","article-title":"Vitamin E intake and risk of esophageal and gastric cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.","volume":"125","author":"S Carman","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24393","article-title":"Lifetime and baseline alcohol intake and risk of cancer of the upper aero-digestive tract in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study.","volume":"125","author":"C Weikert","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116396","article-title":"Selection of controls in case-control studies. I. Principles.","volume":"135","author":"S Wacholder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116397","article-title":"Selection of controls in case-control studies. II. Types of controls.","volume":"135","author":"S Wacholder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604369","article-title":"Opium, tobacco, and alcohol use in relation to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk area of Iran.","volume":"98","author":"D Nasrollahzadeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601737","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran.","volume":"90","author":"F Islami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2009.01.004","article-title":"Environmental causes of esophageal cancer.","volume":"38","author":"F Kamangar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b929","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b929","article-title":"Tea drinking habits and oesophageal cancer in a high risk area in northern Iran: population based case-control study.","volume":"338","author":"F Islami","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602249","article-title":"Golestan cohort study of oesophageal cancer: feasibility and first results.","volume":"92","author":"A Pourshams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp161","article-title":"Cohort Profile: The Golestan Cohort Study\u2013a prospective study of oesophageal cancer in northern Iran.","volume":"39","author":"A Pourshams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(84)90097-3","article-title":"Hospital or population controls, an unanswered question.","volume":"37","author":"AB Miller","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1994.1037","article-title":"Hospital or population controls? It depends on the question.","volume":"23","author":"AB Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/13.2.235","article-title":"Differences in risk estimations from a hospital and a population-based case-control study.","volume":"13","author":"DW West","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910260609","article-title":"A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer.","volume":"26","author":"M Jain","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000006634.49205.c5","article-title":"The limitations of using hospital controls in cancer etiology \u2013 one more example for Berkson&apos;s bias.","volume":"18","author":"S Sadetzki","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf174","article-title":"Hospital or population controls for case-control studies of severe childhood diseases?","volume":"157","author":"C Infante-Rivard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm051","article-title":"A prospective study of tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes.","volume":"165","author":"ND Freedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(199607)29:1<42::AID-PROS6>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Is there an association between cigarette smoking and gland size in benign prostatic hyperplasia?","volume":"29","author":"H Matzkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.2.119","article-title":"Smoking is a risk factor for incisional hernia.","volume":"140","author":"LT Sorensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580902995380","article-title":"Opium consumption and the risk of traffic injuries in regular users: a case-crossover study in an emergency department.","volume":"10","author":"R Majdzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.1068.13.6","article-title":"Reliability and validity of opiate use self-report in a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in Golestan, Iran.","volume":"13","author":"CC Abnet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0032711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T23:24:54Z","timestamp":1713655494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0032711"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Antje","family":"Timmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0032711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}