{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:05:42Z","timestamp":1783404342222,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1332885638000},"page":"e34222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Heavy Tailed Distributions of Effect Sizes in Systematic Reviews of Complex Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7262","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7262.694","article-title":"Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health.","volume":"321","author":"M Campbell","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655","article-title":"Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance.","volume":"337","author":"P Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","first-page":"1423","article-title":"No magic bullets: a systematic review of 102 trials of interventions to improve professional practice.","volume":"153","author":"AD Oxman","year":"1995","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3693","article-title":"Why system inertia makes health reform so difficult.","volume":"342","author":"E Coiera","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.054254","article-title":"A simple guide to chaos and complexity.","volume":"61","author":"D Rickles","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-008-9140-4","article-title":"Causality in complex interventions.","volume":"12","author":"D Rickles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Health Care Philos"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-009-9229-9","article-title":"Theorising interventions as events in systems.","volume":"43","author":"P Hawe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"7656","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39569.510521.AD","article-title":"Complex interventions or complex systems? Implications for health economic evaluation.","volume":"336","author":"A Shiell","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2009.009072","article-title":"The appropriation of complexity theory in health care.","volume":"15","author":"J Paley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","article-title":"Complex systems modeling for obesity research.","volume":"6","author":"RA Hammond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458209102971","article-title":"System dynamics approach to immunization healthcare issues in developing countries: a case study of Uganda.","volume":"15","author":"AS Rwashana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Informatics Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-11.2.87","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to health-related behaviors.","volume":"11","author":"G Godin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181cad65c","article-title":"Primary care practice transformation is hard work: insights from a 15-year developmental program of research.","volume":"49","author":"BF Crabtree","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","first-page":"369","article-title":"Understanding change in primary care practice using complexity theory.","volume":"46","author":"WL Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"issue":"7313","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7313.625","article-title":"Complexity science: The challenge of complexity in health care.","volume":"323","author":"PE Plsek","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"800","article-title":"Complex Systems: A Survey.","volume":"79","author":"MEJ Newman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/6175","article-title":"Where medicine went wrong: rediscovering the path to complexity","author":"BJ West","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1137\/070710111","article-title":"Power-law distributions in empirical data.","volume":"51","author":"A Clauset","year":"2009","journal-title":"SIAM Review"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-5426-1","article-title":"How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organised Criticality","author":"P Bak","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmi023","article-title":"General practice as a complex system: a novel analysis of consultation data.","volume":"22","author":"T Love","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","first-page":"CD000259","article-title":"Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes.","author":"G Jamtvedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","first-page":"CD000409","article-title":"Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes.","author":"MA O'Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","first-page":"CD003030","article-title":"Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes.","author":"L Forsetlund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","first-page":"CD000146","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.","author":"C Silagy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","first-page":"CD000165","article-title":"Physician advice for smoking cessation.","author":"T Lancaster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","first-page":"CD001292","article-title":"Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation.","author":"T Lancaster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","first-page":"CD006936","article-title":"Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation.","author":"DT Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"43","article-title":"Problems and limitations in conducting systematic reviews.","author":"M Egger","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Tables and other information not published in our reviews.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7350","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/474164a","article-title":"Complex systems: Unzipping Zipf&apos;s law.","volume":"474","author":"L Adamic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043004","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/13\/4\/043004","article-title":"Zipf&apos;s law unzipped.","volume":"13","author":"S Baek","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Journal of Physics"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012582499","article-title":"Complexity and robustness.","volume":"99","author":"JM Carlson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0034222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T10:00:43Z","timestamp":1540288843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0034222"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pedro Antonio","family":"Valdes-Sosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0034222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]}}}