{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:38:05Z","timestamp":1791020285329,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T21:04:33Z","timestamp":1334696673000},"page":"e35455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Capsule Independent Uptake of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans into Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wilber","family":"Sabiiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin C.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.01.013","article-title":"<italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>: Morphogenesis, infection, and evolution.","volume":"9","author":"X Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328322ffac","article-title":"Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV\/AIDS.","volume":"23","author":"BJ Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"49","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402981101","article-title":"A rare genotype of <italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/italic> caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on vancouver island (british columbia, canada).","volume":"101","author":"SE Kidd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1086\/597306","article-title":"Molecular evidence that the range of the Vancouver island outbreak of cryptococcus gattii infection has expanded into the pacific northwest in the united states.","volume":"199","author":"Byrnes EJ 3rd","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000850","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000850","article-title":"Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent <italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/italic> genotypes in the northwest united states.","volume":"6","author":"Byrnes EJ 3rd","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3410\/B1-62","article-title":"<italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/italic> outbreak expands into the northwestern united states with fatal consequences.","volume":"1","author":"EJ Byrnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"F1000 Biol Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081384","article-title":"Spread of <italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/italic> into pacific northwest region of the united states.","volume":"15","author":"K Datta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2010.00492.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients.","volume":"12","author":"D Neofytos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS\u2013100 years after the discovery of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>.","volume":"8","author":"TG Mitchell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909029748","article-title":"Dissemination of <italic>C. neoformans<\/italic> to the central nervous system: Role of chemokines, Th1 immunity and leukocyte recruitment.","volume":"5","author":"GB Huffnagle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"<italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>.","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1086\/518583","article-title":"Management of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS: The need for specific studies in developing countries.","volume":"45","author":"O Lortholary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1086\/655785","article-title":"Paucity of initial cerebrospinal fluid inflammation in cryptococcal meningitis is associated with subsequent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.","volume":"202","author":"DR Boulware","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1086\/649861","article-title":"Combination flucytosine and high-dose fluconazole compared with fluconazole monotherapy for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis: A randomized trial in malawi.","volume":"50","author":"JC Nussbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1086\/587667","article-title":"Outcomes of cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"46","author":"A Kambugu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh043","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis.","volume":"72","author":"T Bicanic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"769","article-title":"Clinical presentation, natural history, and cumulative death rates of 230 adults with primary cryptococcal meningitis in zambian AIDS patients treated under local conditions.","author":"P Mwaba","year":"2001"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1952","article-title":"Mechanisms of microbial traversal of the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"6","author":"KS Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.10.083","article-title":"Tight junction protein expression and barrier properties of immortalized mouse brain microvessel endothelial cells.","volume":"1130","author":"RC Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-0081-y","article-title":"Cellular elements of the blood-brain barrier.","author":"J Correale","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01065-08","article-title":"Evidence of a role for monocytes in dissemination and brain invasion by <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>.","volume":"77","author":"C Charlier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.4985-4995.2004","article-title":"Cryptococcal yeast cells invade the central nervous system via transcellular penetration of the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"72","author":"YC Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.4985-4995.2004","article-title":"Cryptococcal yeast cells invade the central nervous system via transcellular penetration of the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"72","author":"YC Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-007-0070-8","article-title":"New insights on the pathogenesis of invasive <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> infection.","volume":"9","author":"HC Eisenman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34761","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.219378","article-title":"Invasion of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> into human brain microvascular endothelial cells is mediated through the lipid rafts-endocytic pathway via the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 (DYRK3).","volume":"286","author":"SH Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"<italic>Cryptococcus<\/italic>: From human pathogen to model yeast.","year":"2010"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13407","article-title":"Phenotypic switching of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> occurs in vivo and influences the outcome of infection.","volume":"108","author":"BC Fries","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05230-0","article-title":"<italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> induces alterations in the cytoskeleton of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.","volume":"52","author":"SH Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62265-1","article-title":"Capsule structure changes associated with <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> crossing of the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"166","author":"C Charlier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28451-0","article-title":"Phenotypic switching in <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>.","volume":"152","author":"A Guerrero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00039.x","article-title":"Phenotypic switching and its implications for the pathogenesis of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic>.","volume":"6","author":"N Jain","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41963","article-title":"Real-time imaging of trapping and urease-dependent transmigration of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> in mouse brain.","volume":"120","author":"M Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4536","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4536-4544.2001","article-title":"Traversal of <italic>Candida albicans<\/italic> across human blood-brain barrier in vitro.","volume":"69","author":"AY Jong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E66","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e66","article-title":"Serologic evidence for <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> infection in early childhood.","volume":"107","author":"DL Goldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.2.573-579.1995","article-title":"Antibodies to <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> glucuronoxylomannan enhance antifungal activity of murine macrophages.","volume":"63","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01419.x","article-title":"Antibody to <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> capsular glucuronoxylomannan promotes expression of interleukin-12Rbeta2 subunit on human T cells in vitro through effects mediated by antigen-presenting cells.","volume":"106","author":"A Vecchiarelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.46.6.521","article-title":"Phagocytosis and killing of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> by rat alveolar macrophages in the absence of serum.","volume":"46","author":"B Bolanos","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00268-09","article-title":"Galactoxylomannans from <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> varieties <italic>neoformans<\/italic> and <italic>grubii<\/italic> are structurally and antigenically variable.","volume":"9","author":"M De Jesus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2229-2239.2004","article-title":"Role of extracellular phospholipases and mononuclear phagocytes in dissemination of cryptococcosis in a murine model.","volume":"72","author":"R Santangelo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4620-4627.1999","article-title":"The capsule of <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> reduces T-lymphocyte proliferation by reducing phagocytosis, which can be restored with anticapsular antibody.","volume":"67","author":"RM Syme","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01186.x","article-title":"Capsule enlargement in <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> confers resistance to oxidative stress suggesting a mechanism for intracellular survival.","volume":"10","author":"O Zaragoza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.11.4368-4374.1995","article-title":"Adherence to and damage of endothelial cells by <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> in vitro: Role of the capsule.","volume":"63","author":"AS Ibrahim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(08)01005-8","article-title":"Virulence in <italic>Cryptococcus species<\/italic>.","volume":"67","author":"H Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Appl Microbiol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035455","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T01:38:07Z","timestamp":1593999487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035455"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035455","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]]}}}