{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:18:24Z","timestamp":1791569904748,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335312000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,27]],"date-time":"2012-04-27T17:28:14Z","timestamp":1335547694000},"page":"e35592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Age-Dependent Sex Bias in Clinical Malarial Disease in Hypoendemic Regions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sulabha","family":"Pathak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuri","family":"Rege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithya J.","family":"Gogtay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Aigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surya Kant","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neena","family":"Valecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyan","family":"Bhanot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilima A.","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobhona","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03342","article-title":"The global distribution of clinical episodes of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> malaria.","volume":"434","author":"RW Snow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)80001-4","article-title":"Sex differences in parasite infections: patterns and processes.","volume":"26","author":"M Zuk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00710.x","article-title":"Hormonal and immunological mechanisms mediating sex differences in parasite infection.","volume":"26","author":"SL Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00289.x","article-title":"Testosterone and other gonadal factor(s) restrict the efficacy of genes controlling resistance to <italic>Plasmodium chabaudi<\/italic> malaria.","volume":"13","author":"F Wunderlich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00008-06","article-title":"Involvement of gonadal steroids and gamma interferon in sex differences in response to blood-stage malaria infection.","volume":"74","author":"A Cernetich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(36)90040-8","article-title":"Rural hyper-endemic malaria in Tanganyika Territory.","volume":"29","author":"BD Wilson","year":"1936","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"109","article-title":"The Garki Project Research on the epidemiology and control of malaria in the Sudan savanna of West Africa. Geneva","author":"L Molineaux","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.3","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in a population surrounding Madang, Papua New Guinea.","volume":"35","author":"JA Cattani","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02038-2","article-title":"Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> transmission in Africa.","volume":"349","author":"RW Snow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804153","article-title":"World Malaria Day 2009: what malaria knows about the immune system that immunologists still do not.","volume":"182","author":"SK Pierce","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2174\/156652406776055221","article-title":"Clinical immunity to malaria.","volume":"6","author":"L Schofield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90505-3","article-title":"Parasite density of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> malaria in Ghanaian schoolchildren: evidence for influence of sex hormones?","volume":"88","author":"B Landgraf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.2","article-title":"The problem of malaria and malaria control in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa.","volume":"55","author":"RW Steketee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70021-X","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy.","volume":"7","author":"M Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.69","article-title":"Burden of malaria in India: retrospective and prospective view.","volume":"77","author":"A Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.32","article-title":"Hypoendemic malaria in Rondonia (Brazil, western Amazon region): seasonal variation and risk groups in an urban locality.","volume":"55","author":"LM Camargo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.10.019","article-title":"The malaria and typhoid fever burden in the slums of Kolkata, India: data from a prospective community-based study.","volume":"100","author":"D Sur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc TropMed Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2001.39.4.293","article-title":"Incidence patterns of vivax malaria in civilians residing in a high-risk county of Kyonggi-do (province), Republic of Korea.","volume":"39","author":"JJ Moon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"149","article-title":"Urban malaria vector biology.","volume":"106","author":"AK Hati","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"135","article-title":"Resurgence of malaria in Bombay (Mumbai) in the 1990s: a historical perspective.","volume":"42","author":"V Kamat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90027-7","article-title":"Complications and mortality patterns due to <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> malaria in hospitalized adults and children, Rourkela, Odisha, India.","volume":"97","author":"S Mohanty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.01.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of Malaria Transmission in Forest and Plain Ecotype Villages in Sundargarh District, Odisha, India.","volume":"100","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"157","article-title":"Classification of malaria.","volume":"11","author":"D Metselaar","year":"1959","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographic Medicine"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) website."},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"GraphPad website."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"361","article-title":"Is there a secular trend in the menarcheal age of Indian girls?","volume":"47","author":"M Bhaskaran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"646","article-title":"Growth &amp; development of Indian children adopted in Sweden.","volume":"130","author":"LA Proos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0285","article-title":"Female Reproductive Factors and Eye Disease in a Rural South Indian Population: The Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey. Invest.","volume":"45","author":"PK Nirmalan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2007.02.026","article-title":"Assessment of the variation in menopausal symptoms with age, education and working\/non-working status in north Indian sub population using menopause rating scale (MRS).","volume":"57","author":"V Kakkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"The Evolution of Thyroid Function with Puberty.","author":"RK Marwaha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.79","article-title":"Vivax malaria: neglected and not benign.","volume":"77","author":"RN Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011689","article-title":"New insights into the epidemiology of malaria relevant for disease control.","volume":"54","author":"RW Snow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.457","article-title":"Epidemiology of malaria transmission and development of natural immunity in a malaria-endemic village, San Dulakudar, in Odisha state, India.","volume":"71","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"132","article-title":"Malaria and growth stunting in young children of the highlands of Papua New Guinea.","volume":"23","author":"PT Sharp","year":"1980","journal-title":"P N G Med J"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90102-9","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in a Karen population on the Western boarder of Thailand.","volume":"90","author":"C Luxemburger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90066-3","article-title":"The epidemiology of severe malaria in an area of low transmission in Thailand.","volume":"91","author":"C Luxemburger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90082-4","article-title":"Efficacy of a 14-day primaquine regimen in preventing relapses in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria in Mumbai, India.","volume":"97","author":"DD Rajgor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.402","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative safety, and efficacy trial of oral co-artemether versus oral chloroquine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults in India.","volume":"62","author":"NA Kshirsagar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.123-128.2001","article-title":"Human resistance to <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> increases during puberty and is predicted by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels.","volume":"69","author":"JD Kurtis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1086\/376508","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels associated with decreased malaria parasite density and increased hemoglobin concentration in pubertal girls from western Kenya.","volume":"188","author":"T Leenstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00763.x","article-title":"Deletion of LTbetaR augments male susceptibility to <italic>Plasmodium chabaudi<\/italic>.","volume":"27","author":"J Kr\u00fccken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.05.013","article-title":"Testosterone response of hepatic gene expression in female mice having acquired testosterone-unresponsive immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria.","volume":"76","author":"D Deli\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00817.x","article-title":"Patterns in age-specific malaria. Incidence in a population exposed to low levels of malaria transmission intensity.","volume":"6","author":"I Kleinschmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.654","article-title":"Gender-related efficacy difference to an extended duration formulation of topical N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET).","volume":"60","author":"CF Golenda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"147","article-title":"The aggressiveness of <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic> A in relation to the age and sex of the human subjects.","volume":"56","author":"P Carnevale","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2006.00627.x","article-title":"Interindividual variation in the attractiveness of human odours to the malaria mosquito <italic>Anopheles gambiae s. s<\/italic>.","volume":"20","author":"YT Qiu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.12.009","article-title":"Sweaty skin: an invitation to bite?","volume":"27","author":"RC Smallegange","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref48"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"10","article-title":"Chemical insecticides in malaria vector control in India.","volume":"32 vol","author":"K Raghavendra","year":"2002","journal-title":"ICMR bulletin"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.09.017","article-title":"A review on Anopheles culicifacies: from bionomics to control with special reference to Indian subcontinent.","volume":"109","author":"TK Barik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01176.x","article-title":"India: alcohol and public health.","volume":"100","author":"V Benegal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009546","article-title":"Beer consumption increases human attractiveness to malaria mosquitoes.","volume":"5","author":"T Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006757","article-title":"Protective immunity to erythrocytic Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection involves IFNgamma-mediated responses and a cellular infiltrate to the liver.","volume":"5","author":"P Balmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.301","article-title":"Essential role of extrathymic T cells in protection against malaria.","volume":"169","author":"MK Mannoor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"593","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia among school going adolescents of Chandigarh.","volume":"42","author":"S Basu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1086\/422331","article-title":"Iron deficiency and malaria among children living on the coast of Kenya.","volume":"190","author":"AM Nyakeriga","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-259","article-title":"Interactions between worms and malaria: good worms or bad worms?","volume":"10","author":"M Nacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0779-1","article-title":"Are coinfections of malaria and filariasis of any epidemiological significance?","volume":"102","author":"EJ Muturi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.014","article-title":"Immune interactions in malaria co-infections with other endemic infectious diseases: implications for the development of improved disease interventions.","volume":"10","author":"M Troye-Blomberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90356-5","article-title":"Gender inequalities of health in the Third World.","volume":"39","author":"CE Okojie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2190\/1146-7828-5L5H-7757","article-title":"The Dynamics of Gender and Class in Access to Health Care: Evidence from Rural Karnataka, India.","volume":"37","author":"A Iyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-377","article-title":"Factors affecting treatment-seeking for febrile illness in a malaria endemic block in Boudh district, Odisha, India: policy implications for malaria control.","volume":"9","author":"A Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050038","article-title":"The limits and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum transmission: implications for malaria control and elimination worldwide.","volume":"5","author":"CA Guerra","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLos Med"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2005.03.041","article-title":"Global warming and infectious disease.","volume":"36","author":"AA Khasnis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508929103","article-title":"Malaria resurgence in the East African highlands: temperature trends revisited.","volume":"103","author":"M Pascual","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T17:29:03Z","timestamp":1588958943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035592"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Georges","family":"Snounou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035592","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]}}}