{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:04:48Z","timestamp":1791821088863,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]],"date-time":"2012-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336953600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]],"date-time":"2012-05-14T21:36:43Z","timestamp":1337031403000},"page":"e36886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Effect of Standard Tuberculosis Treatment on Plasma Cytokine Levels in Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Riou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blas","family":"Perez Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindi","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Ronacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Walzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Manca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Rustomjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuli","family":"Mthiyane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Fallows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive M.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilla","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"WHO (March 2010) Tuberculosis, Fact sheet No"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-9-200605020-00008","article-title":"Time to sputum culture conversion in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: predictors and relationship to treatment outcome.","volume":"144","author":"TH Holtz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70002-5","article-title":"Biomarkers for tuberculosis disease activity, cure, and relapse.","volume":"10","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Diseases"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09742-8","article-title":"Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a randomised clinical trial.","volume":"360","author":"D Benator","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200904-0536OC","article-title":"Shortening treatment in adults with noncavitary tuberculosis and 2-month culture conversion.","volume":"180","author":"JL Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"550","article-title":"HIV\u2212TB co-infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and management.","volume":"121","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"317","article-title":"Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"120","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"818","article-title":"Sputum cytokine levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis as early markers of mycobacterial clearance.","volume":"9","author":"R Ribeiro-Rodrigues","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"686","article-title":"The serum level of soluble urokinase receptor is elevated in tuberculosis patients and predicts mortality during treatment: a community study from Guinea-Bissau.","volume":"6","author":"J Eugen-Olsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"155","article-title":"sICAM-1 as a serum marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"6","author":"T Demir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Prognostic value of \u2018C\u2019 reactive protein in tuberculosis.","volume":"26","author":"G Bajaj","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"367","article-title":"Usefulness of Tumor Marker CA-125 Serum Levels for the Follow-Up of Therapeutic Responses in Tuberculosis Patients with and without Serositis.","volume":"64","author":"WC Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03041486","article-title":"HIV infection and sputum-culture conversion in patients diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a population-based study.","volume":"115","author":"MH Aliyu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"15","article-title":"Immunology of the lung in HIV infection: the pathophysiologic basis for the development of tuberculosis in the AIDS setting.","volume":"66","author":"RM Rose","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/107999004322813345","article-title":"HIV alters plasma and M. tuberculosis-induced cytokine production in patients with tuberculosis.","volume":"24","author":"S Subramanyam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Circulating cytokines in pulmonary tuberculosis according to HIV status and dietary iron content.","volume":"13","author":"VR Gordeuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.9.4620","article-title":"TNF regulates chemokine induction essential for cell recruitment, granuloma formation, and clearance of mycobacterial infection.","volume":"168","author":"DR Roach","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004228","article-title":"Pleural tuberculosis in patients with early HIV infection is associated with increased TNF-alpha expression and necrosis in granulomas.","volume":"4","author":"J Bezuidenhout","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6954","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6954-6961.2000","article-title":"Immunopathologic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine mycobacterial infection are dose dependent.","volume":"68","author":"LG Bekker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1449","article-title":"IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4+ T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge.","volume":"8","author":"SA Khader","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1086\/517479","article-title":"Selective increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and concomitant clinical deterioration after initiating therapy in patients with severe tuberculosis.","volume":"178","author":"LG Bekker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01146-09","article-title":"The antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide affects the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo and increases activation of macrophages and dendritic cells.","volume":"53","author":"S Mendez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00658-3","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of quinolones.","volume":"3","author":"A Dalhoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.6.1366","article-title":"Modulatory effect of antibiotics on cytokine production by human monocytes in vitro.","volume":"40","author":"K Morikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.4.1098","article-title":"The expression of a gamma interferon-induced protein (IP-10) in delayed immune responses in human skin.","volume":"166","author":"G Kapplan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J exp Med"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"121","article-title":"CXCL10\/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications.","volume":"22","author":"M Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Host biomarkers of clinical relevance in tuberculosis: review of gene and protein expression studies.","author":"SH John","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3901","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003901","article-title":"Is IP-10 a better biomarker for active and latent tuberculosis in children than IFNgamma?","volume":"3","author":"E Whittaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-333","article-title":"IP-10 detection in urine is associated with lung diseases.","volume":"10","author":"A Cannas","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012577","article-title":"Is IP-10 an accurate marker for detecting M. tuberculosis-specific response in HIV-infected persons?","volume":"5","author":"D Goletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Department of Health Republic of South Africa","author":"AFRICA SA TUBERCULOSIS STRATEGIC PLAN FOR SOUTH","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19617","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019617","article-title":"Cross-sectional detection of acute HIV infection: timing of transmission, inflammation and antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"6","author":"C Gay","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(02)00045-4","article-title":"The C-X-C chemokine IP-10 stimulates HIV-1 replication.","volume":"307","author":"BR Lane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"The effect of HIV infection and HAART on inflammatory biomarkers in a population-based cohort of US women.","author":"SM Keating","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.09.004","article-title":"IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 and pentraxin 3 plasma levels are tools for monitoring inflammation and disease activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.","volume":"7","author":"A Azzurri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.05.011","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of interferon-gamma-induced protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) in tuberculous pleurisy.","volume":"62","author":"P Supriya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-2-19","article-title":"IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, and IL-1RA hold promise as biomarkers for infection with M. tuberculosis in a whole blood based T-cell assay.","volume":"2","author":"M Ruhwald","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03875.x","article-title":"Differential cytokine secretion and early treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"156","author":"JF Djoba Siawaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-135","article-title":"IP-10 response to RD1 antigens might be a useful biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis therapy.","volume":"11","author":"BSA Kabeer","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-669","article-title":"The biology of VEGF and its receptors.","volume":"9","author":"N Ferrara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110301","article-title":"Signal transduction by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.","volume":"437","author":"S Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2005.06.004","article-title":"Molecular lymphangiogenesis: new players.","volume":"15","author":"T Tammela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-12-3793","article-title":"Transgenic delivery of VEGF to the mouse skin leads to an inflammatory condition resembling human psoriasis.","volume":"102","author":"YP Xia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.2.369","article-title":"Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 are associated with the severity of systemic inflammation rather than the presence of hemoptysis in patients with inflammatory lung disease.","volume":"52","author":"HY Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2043-2052.2000","article-title":"Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (Cord factor) enhances neovascularization through vascular endothelial growth factor production by neutrophils and macrophages.","volume":"68","author":"I Sakaguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2156","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in active pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"125","author":"F Alatas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1159\/000050557","article-title":"Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and cavity formation in active pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"68","author":"Y Abe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9911010","article-title":"Increased serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"162","author":"W Matsuyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-007-9074-0","article-title":"Angiogenesis and chronic inflammation: cause or consequence?","volume":"10","author":"C Costa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0157-6","article-title":"Candidate biomarkers for discrimination between infection and disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"85","author":"M Jacobsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.06.007","article-title":"Biomarkers for TB treatment response: challenges and future strategies.","volume":"57","author":"G Walzl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/156801205774322223","article-title":"The Role of Surrogate Markers in the Clinical Evaluation of Anti-tuberculous Chemotherapy.","volume":"4","author":"R Wallis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem - Anti-Infective Agents"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60359-5","article-title":"Biomarkers and diagnostics for tuberculosis: progress, needs, and translation into practice.","volume":"375","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cacc.2006.03.005","article-title":"Multiple comparisons.","volume":"17","author":"MO Columb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0036886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T05:25:25Z","timestamp":1589001925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0036886"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Delia","family":"Goletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0036886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]]}}}